BIOL 2130-Mastering Ch. 2

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Identify the nucleic acid: oxidase triglyceride cholesterol DNA glucose

DNA

Nucleotides are composed of:

a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?

adenine and thymine

Proteins are synthesized from __________ during synthesis reactions.

amino acids

What is an ion?

an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s)

What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

an ionic bond

Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________.

atoms

Which of the following is not produced through chemical bonding?

atoms

In a covalent bond,

atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Enzymes

biological catalysts

calcium

found in bones and teeth, and is required for blood clotting

sodium

major extracellular cation

potassium

major intracellular cation

chlorine

most abundant extracellular anion

A solution with a pH of 7 is:

neutral

Which subatomic particles contribute to an atom's mass number but not its atomic number?

neutrons

Isotopes have different numbers of _____________; thus they also have different _____________.

neutrons; atomic masses

What is the main type of lipid found in cellular membranes?

phospholipids

What ion is found in bone, nucleic acids, and ATP?

phosphorous

A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?

polar covalent bond

Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?

polar covalent bonds

In which category of organic molecules would you place compounds that catalyze chemical reactions?

proteins

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ____________.

protons (hydrogen ions)

Which type(s) of subatomic particles can be located within the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

Molecule

two or more atoms combined chemcally

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared __________.

unequally between atoms

An atom's outermost shell is known as its ___________ shell.

valence

Which parts of atoms can interact (react) to form chemical bonds?

valence electrons

Calcium's atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electoral charge of a calcium ion?

+2

What is the number of neutrons in an atom with atomic mass of 35, three energy levels, and 7 valence electrons?

18

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of __________ electron(s).

2

An atomic symbol is ________.

a one- or two-letter abbreviation for an element

An atom of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 18. How many of each type of subatomic particles does it contain?

8 protons, 8 electrons, and 10 neutrons

A salt is an ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogen and anions other than the hydroxyl ion. In writing the formula for salt, the symbol of the cation is first listed and the symbol of the anion is listed second. Which of these is a salt?

CaPO4

How do ions form ionic bonds?

Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges

Atoms of oxygen have a total of 8 electrons. Are these atoms stable, and why or why not?

No, because the atoms have only 6 valence electrons, but need 8 for stability

Which of the following distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?

Only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules

Carbon atoms have four valence electrons. Are they likely to react with other atoms, and why or why not?

Yes, because they can become more stable by doing so

Which is the most accurate description of C6H12O6?

a compound

Compound

a molecule composed of two or more elements

Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?

covalent, ionic, hydrogen

What type of chemical reaction is used by liver cells when synthesizing glycogen from glucose?

dehydration synthesis

Which of the following choices describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate group

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ___________ bonds between carbon atoms.

double

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as __________ energy.

electrical

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ___________.

electrons

Which of these determines the chemical behavior of an atom?

electrons in the valence shell

Which of these statements reflects the relationship between elements, atoms, and chemical symbols?

elements are composed of atoms

At the beginning of glycolysis, ATP transfers a phosphate group of glucose. What type of chemical reaction is this?

exchange reaction

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?

glucose

Which of the properties of water is most closely associated with the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature?

high heat capacity

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of chemical reaction?

increased temperature

Covalent bonds:

involve the sharing of one to three pairs of electrons

Atoms that have lost of gained electrons are known as:

ions.

Which statement best describes energy?

it does not have mass or occupy space

Which of these is an example of kinetic energy? a. battery in a flashlight with no bulb b. high-energy phosphate bonds in ATP c. skeletal muscles contracting as a person lifts weights d. glycogen within liver cells

skeletal muscles contracting as a person lifts weights

In our body, many salts dissociate into their ions. Which ions are essential for nerve impulses?

sodium and potassium

Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds?

the electrons are shared unequally

When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

the outermost electrons

Which of these events occurs when salts dissolve in body fluids?

they easily dissociate into their ions

The building blocks of a triglyceride are _________.

three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

Iron

transports oxygen inside red blood cells

Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?

two hydrogen atoms join together to form a molecule of hydrogen gas.


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