BIOL 2730 Ch. 11

A group of archaea that generate ATP by oxidizing hydrogen gas, using CO2 as a terminal electron acceptor. Generates methane (CH4)

Methanogen

Give an example of Anaerobic Chemolithotroph

Methanogen

Give an example of a Anaerobic Chemolithotroph

Methanogen

Chemolithotroph— Nitrifying bacteria Source of energy?

NH3 HNO2

Chemotrophs that do aerobic respiration, use ______________ as the final electron acceptor.

O2

The __________________ is microbe that cannot reproduce outside a host cell. The host cell supplies compounds they would otherwise need to synthesize. Most has lost their ability to synthesize these needed substances.

Obligate Intracellular Parasite

_______________ use animals as habitats.

Obligate Intracellular Parasites

Chemotrophs that do anaerobic repiration, use _______________ as the final electron acceptor.

Organic & inorganic molecules (not O2)

Chemoorganoheterotroph: Energy source? Carbon source?

Organic compounds (sugars, amino acids, etc) Organic compounds

___________________ extract electrons from inorganic energy sources.

Chemolithotrophs

Organism that obtains both energy and carbon from organic compounds.

Chemoorganoheterotroph

Organism that obtains energy by oxidizing organic compounds such as glucose.

Chemoorganotroph

What is an example of a Chemotroph that uses Aerobic Respiration?

Chemoorganotroph

Organism that harvests energy by oxidizing chemicals.

Chemotrophs

_______________ are Gram-positive, endospore-forming rods. Common in soils; they are vegetative cells in anaerobic microenvironments created by aerobes consuming O2.

Clostridium

Give an example of a Anaerobic Chemoorganotroph—Fermentation

Clostridium Lactic acid bacteria

Give 2 examples of Anaerobic Chemotrophs (cannot do respiration; they're strict fermenters)

Clostridium Proprionibacterium

Give an example of a Oxygenic Phototrophs

Cyanobacteria

______________ Oxidize organic compounds to obtain energy, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor.

Aerobic Chemoorganotroph

________________ obtain energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals, using O2 as a terminal electron acceptor.

Aerobic chemolithotroph

________________ are anaerobes that use an alternative electron acceptor.

Anaerobic Chemolithotroph (Methanogen)

__________________ cannot do respiration, they're strict fermenters.

Anaerobic Chemotrophs

Photosynthetic bacteria that uses H2S or organic compounds rather than water as a source of electrons for reducing power. Does NOT produce O2.

Anoxygenic Phototroph

Anaerobic Chemolithotrophs (Methanogens) are members of the domain ____________________.

Archaea

Organism that uses chemical as a source of energy, and organic compounds as a source of carbon.

Chemoheterotroph

Organism that obtains energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic compounds such as hydrogen gas (H2), and use CO2, as a source of carbon.

Chemolithoautotrophs

Organism that obtains energy by oxidizing reduced inorganic chemicals such as hydrogen gas (H2).

Chemolithotroph

List the requirements that are needed for "Respiratory Pathways for ATP Synthesis":

Electrons for ETC Final electron acceptor H+ source for chemiomosis

List what all living things need:

Energy Electrons Hydrogen

The metabolic process that stops short of oxidizing glucose or other organic compounds completely, using an organic intermediate such as pyruvate or a derivative as a terminal electron acceptor.

Fermentation

Chemolithotroph— Hydrogen bacteria Source of energy?

H2

Aerobic Chemolithotrophs fall into 4 general groups:

Hydrogen bacteria Sulfur bacteria Iron bacteria Nitrifying bacteria

Give a(n example of a Aerobic Chemolithotroph

Hydrogen bacteria Sulfur bacteria (Thiobacillus) Iron bacteria Nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas)

Chemolithotroph— Sulfur bacteria Source of energy?

Hydrogen sulfide H2S

Chemolithoautotroph: Energy source? Carbon source?

Inorganic chemicals (H2, NH3, NO2-, Fe^2+, H2S) CO2

Photosynthetic organism that uses water as a source of electron for reducing power, producing O2.

Oxygenic Phototroph

_________________ uses light to get energy (e-) to make ATP to use as cellular energy.

Photoheterotroph

_______________ uses light to make ATP, which uses ATP to make organic compounds like glucose.

Photosynthesizer

List 2 types of Phototrophs

Photosynthesizer Photoheterotroph

_____________ uses light to obtain energy.

Phototroph

Give 2 examples of Oxygenic Phototroph (oxygenic photosynthesis)

Plants, Algae Cyanobacteria

(Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes) as a group are unique in their ability to use reduced inorganic chemical (such as Hydrogen sulfide H2S and Ammonia NH3) as sources of energy.

Prokaryotes

______________ are Gram-positive fermenters that produce propionic acid. Important in Swiss cheese production

Proprionibacterium

Give 2 examples of Anoxygenic Phototroph (anoxygenic photosynthesis)

Purple bacteria Green bacteria

Give an example of a Anoxygenic Phototroph

Purple bacteria Green bacteria

Chemolithotroph— Iron bacteria Source of energy?

Reduced Iron F2^2+

Organisms that cannot do respiration, and are strict fermenters (Anaerobic Chemotrophs) produce ATP via _________________.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Give an example of a Anaerobic Chemoorganotroph—Anaerobic Respiration

Sulfur bacteria

Photoautotroph: Energy source? Carbon source?

Sunlight CO2

Photoheterotroph: Energy source? Carbon source?

Sunlight Organic compounds