BIOL PRACTICAL 2 (FUNGI)

Saccharomyces Are yeasts single-celled or multicellular? How do their size compare to bacteria?

Yeast reproduce asexually via a process called budding

What process occurs in the zygosporangia? Are the hyphae haploid or diploid? Are these spores genetically identical?

1. karyogamy 2. haploid 3.no

Are the ascospores genetically identical? How do these cells compare to the basidia and basidiospores in the Coperius slide?

1.yes 2.

What is dikaryotic?

A hypha occurring in certain fungi after sexual reproduction in which each compartment contains two nuclei, one from each parent.

Corpinus what are the ploidy level of these spores? Are they all genetically identical? Why or why not?

Phylum: Basidiomycota(club fungi) haploid. no

Rhizopus (black bread mold)

Phylum: Zygomycota both sexual and asexual be able to identify the hyphae, zyosporangia and asexually produced sporangia

What type of reproduction occurs in basidiomycota? After this event what type of division produces spores? understand that the gills have an increased surface area which allows for increased spore production

Sexual reproduction in Basidiomycota takes place in the fruiting body, in specialized structures called basidia. The basidia is itself formed by plasmogamy between mycelia from two different spores. Plasmogamy results in binucleate hyphae, that is, hyphae with two types of nuclei, one from each parent. In the gills of the fruiting body, some cells undergo fusion of these two nuclei. These now diploid cells are the basidia. The diploid phase is very brief. Soon after fusion, meiosis takes place, resulting in four haploid nuclei. The nuclei then migrate to the terminus of the basidium and form four individual projections. These projections are then separated by cell walls to become spores.

Lichens What do cells receive from their symbiotic partner? Be able to identify crustose, foliose, & fruticose

are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus, usually Ascomycota, and a cyanobacteria or a photosynthetic green alga

What is karyogamy?

is the fusion of two haploid nuclei in fungi

What is plasmogamy?

is the fusion of two hyphal protoplasts

What is heterokaryotic?

refers to cells where two or more genetically different nuclei share one common cytoplasm. It is the antonym of homokaryotic. This is the stage after Plasmogamy, the fusion of the cytoplasm, and before Karyogamy, the fusion of the nuclei. It is neither 1n nor 2n

Ascomycota

sac fungi includes most of the economically important yeasts, many types of molds, and a few large edibles, like morel never reproduce sexually

Basidiomycota (club fungi)

sexual reproduction, asexual is uncommon • all basidiomycetes produce basidia. • The largest subgroup in this lineage form basidia in large, above ground mushrooms, brackets, earthstars, or puffballs. created with compacted hyphae

Can fungi reproduce asexually?

yes