BIOL1406 Lab Week 2

Which of the following elements are found in steroid hormones like testosterone, estrogen, and in cholesterol? [mark all correct answers] a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. oxygen d. nitrogen e. sulfur

a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. oxygen

Which of the following are characteristics of all lipids? [mark all correct answers] a. Lipids are hydrophobic. b. Lipids are made up of glycerol and fatty acids c. Lipids can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules. d. The monomeric subunit of lipids is cholesterol.

a. Lipids are hydrophobic.

What are the functions of carbohydrates in living organisms? Choose all that apply. a. as an energy source b. as an information containing macromolecule c. as a signal molecule d. in cell-cell recognition e. to form hydrophobic barriers

a. as an energy source d. in cell-cell recognition

Carbohydrates are composed of which elements? a. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. b. carbon and hydrogen ONLY. c. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. d. phosphorus, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

a. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) carbo- (referring to carbon) and -hydrate (referring to H2O, hydrogen and oxygen)

Which type of bond is responsible for primary protein structure? a. covalent b. ionic c. hydrogen d. hydrophobic interactions

a. covalent

Proteins found in living organisms are made up of how many different amino acids? a. 4 b. 10 c. 16 d. 20 e. 24

d. 20

Which of the following types of bonds/interactions contribute to tertiary structure of proteins? Choose all correct answers. a. covalent bonds b. ionic bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. hydrophobic interactions

a. covalent bonds b. ionic bonds c. hydrogen bonds d. hydrophobic interactions a. Disulfide bonds between cysteine residues are an example of covalent bonds that are important in tertiary structure of proteins. b. Electrostatic attraction between ionic side chains of opposite charge are important in tertiary structure. c. Hydrogen bonds between polar functional groups of the side chains are important in tertiary structure. d. Repulsion of water and polar molecules are responsible for hydrophobic interactions among side chains.

A measure of how quickly blood sugar rises following consumption of a food is known as: a. glycemic index b. digestibility coefficient c. insulin priming d. ketoacidosis

a. glycemic index

High fiber feeds are associated with: a. low glycemic indices b. high protein content c. high calorie content d. heart disease

a. low glycemic indices

Diabetics need to be most careful with their intake of: a. simple sugars b. complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber c. proteins d. lipids e. nucleic acids

a. simple sugars

What elements are found in proteins? a. carbon and hydrogen ONLY b. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some sulfur c. nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. d. carbon and nitrogen ONLY

b. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some sulfur

Cellulose and starch are both glucose polymers. Why is starch easily digested by mammalian enzymes, but cellulose is not? a. Starch has a much lower molecular weight. b. Cellulose is bound to proteins, but starch is not. c. Cellulose is composed of beta glucose, and starch is made up of alpha glucose subunits. d. The glucose units of cellulose form hydrogen bonds; those of starch do not

c. Cellulose is composed of beta glucose, and starch is made up of alpha glucose subunits.

The subunits, or building blocks, of proteins are: a. monosaccharides. b. fatty acids. c. amino acids. d. nucleotides.

c. amino acids

• Which type of bond contributes most significantly to secondary structure (interactions among backbone groups)? a. covalent b. ionic c. hydrogen d. hydrophobic interactions

c. hydrogen

Lipids are characterized by their: a. amphipathic nature b. their structural function. c. their hydrophobicity. d. similarities in structure

c. their hydrophobicity.

The body has no significant stores of protein. Where does the body get its proteins if you go on a calorie and nutrient restricted diet that has insufficient protein to meet your daily needs? a. The body can function for long periods of time in the absence of protein. b. Sugars, like glucose, are converted to protein. c. Lipids are converted to protein. d. Cellular proteins are mobilized to meet the body's needs.

d. Cellular proteins are mobilized to meet the body's needs.

What is the storage carbohydrate present in animals? a. cellulose b. amylose c. amylopectin d. glycogen

d. glycogen

Carbohydrates are: -hydrophilic -hydrophobic -amphipathic

hydrophilic