Biological Psychology Chapter 9
Two different kinds of thirst include:
1. Osmotic thirst 2. Hypovolemic thirst
____, ____, and ____ levels also influence feelings of hunger
Glucose, insulin, glucagon
Vasopressin is
a hormone released by the posterior pituitary which raises blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
A set point refers to
a single value that the body works to maintain such as levels of water, oxygen, glucose, sodium chloride, protein, fat and acidity in the body
Osmotic thirst
a thirst resulting from eating salty foods.
Hypovolemic thirst
a thirst resulting from loss of fluids due to bleeding or sweating or generally not drinking enough water.
Bacteria and viruses trigger the release of leukocytes which release small proteins called
cytokines
Input from the ____ of the ___ is inhibitory to both the paraventricular nucleus and the satietysensitive cells of the arcuate nucleus itself
hunger-sensitive neurons, arcuate nucleus
Eating salty food causes sodium ions to spread through the blood and extracellular fluid of the cell resulting in ____ that draws water from the cell to the extracellular fluid
osmotic pressure
Insulin is a
pancreatic hormone that enables glucose to enter the cell
In people with diabetes, insulin levels ____, but blood glucose levels are ___
remain constantly low, high
Homeostasis refers to
temperature regulation and other biological processes that keep certain body variables within a fixed range
Allostasis refers to
the adaptive way in which the body changes its set point in response to changes in life or the environment
Basal metabolism is
the energy used to maintain a constant body temperature while at rest
the duodenum releases _____ which _____
the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), helps to regulate hunger
The duodenum is
the part of the small intestine where the initial absorption of significant amounts of nutrients occurs
The concentrations of chemicals in water determines
the rate of all chemical reactions in the body
Homeothermic refers to
the use of internal physiological mechanisms to maintain an almost constant body temperature
