Biology 10-4

Two of the new DNA molecules will have strands from the original molecule

A DNA molecule replicates to produce two new DNA molecules. Both of the two new DNA molecules then replicate to form four more new DNA molecules. Are any nucleotide chains from the original DNA present in the last from new DNA molecules? If so, how many?

mRNA - AUG CCA GAG UCG tRNA - UAC, GGU, CUC, AGC methionine (start), proline, glutamic acid, serine

A segment of DNA has the following sequence: TACGGTCTCAGC. Write the mRNA transcript from this sequence of DNA. Next, write the tRNA anticodons that would pair with the mRNA transcript. Use table 10-1 to write the names of the amino acids coded for by the mRNA transcript.

mRNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytosol. rRNA acts as a binding site for mRNA during translation. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes

Compare the roles of the three different types of RNA during translation.

Knowing which gene sequences control particular biological functions may help diagnose, treat, or prevent genetic disorders, cancer, and diseases

Describe the significance of identifying the entire sequence of the human genome.

mRNA is a single, uncoiled chain that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytosol. tRNA is a single chain folded into a hairpin shape that carries a specific amino acids. rRNA is a single, globular chain found in ribosomes

Describe the structure and function of each of the three types of RNA

The strands are complementary, so different codons of mRNA would be formed from each strand

Discuss why it is important which of the two DNA strands serves as a template during transcription.

RNA polymerase is involved in forming RNA. DNA polymerase is involved in forming DNA.

How does the role of RNA polymerase in transcription differ from that of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

tRNA is complementary to mRNA and has an attachment site for a single amino acid

How does the structure of tRNA relate to its function in translation?

UAC, UAU, UCA, UUA, UCG, UUG, UGU, UGC, UGG, CGA, AGA, AAA, GAA, CAA, CAG. AAG. GAG. GGA

List all codons in the genetic code that could be changes into a stop codon by a single nucleotide substitution.

RNA contains ribose, not deoxyribose, and uracil, not thymine. RNA is single stranded, not double stranded. RNA is shorter than DNA.

List the four ways in which the structure of RNA differs form that of DNA.

Such research could make the possibility of gene therapy more realistic.

Scientists have determined essentially all of the 3 billion or so nucleotides that spell out the human genome. This genetic information will revolutionize the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of many human diseases. Propose why this information is important for research on human disease.

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of a specific gene. The DNA strands separate. RNA polymerase adds complementary RNA nucleotides to the newly forming RNA molecule. When RNA polymerase reaches a termination sequences, it detaches

Sequence the main steps of transcription.

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Summarize the flow of genetic information.

none; the mRNA begins with a stop codon

What amino acids would translation of the mRNA with the sequence UAACAAGGAGCAUCC produce?

the rules that relate how a sequence of nucleotides corresponds to an amino acid

What is the genetic code?

Some mutations cause no change in amino acid sequences, and those mutations that do cause change may be lethal.

Why is it difficult for a mutation to occur that would change the genetic code?