Biology 101 chapter #4

The DNA in eukaryotic cells is

packaged into chromosomes and contained in the nucleus

Select all of the organelles found in animal cells.

endoplasmic reticulum centrioles mitochondrion

what cells contain a true nucleus?

eukaryotic

What structure do some prokaryotes possess that allow them to move?

flagellum

Select all the functions of pili in prokaryotic cells.

help the prokaryotic cell attach to appropriate substrates aid in the exchange of genetic information between cells

Match each letter to its correct eukaryotic cell structure.

A mitochondrion B nucleus C endoplasmic reticulum D Golgi complex

Match each letter on the prokaryotic cell with its correct label.

A pilus B nucleoid E cell wall D plasma membrane G ribosomes C flagellum F capsule

Select all the reasons why most cells are so small.

As cells grow larger, they have far less surface available to service each unit of volume. Larger cells do not function efficiently.

The plasma membrane is made up of

proteins and lipids

Select all of the ways that surface area in cells is increased.

Larger cells are long and thin. Cells have finger-like projections. Cells are flat or plate-shaped.

Why is it very difficult to visualize cells without a magnifying instrument?

Our eyes have limited resolution.

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? Select all that apply.

Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotic cells do not have special membrane-bounded compartments.

How do modern light microscopes allow us to visualize cells?

They have two lenses and a variety of correcting lenses that increase magnification and clarity.

True or false: The reason we can't see small objects like cells is the limited resolution of the human eye.

True (Reason: Because our eyes have limited resolution, we are unable to distinguish distance between two points that are closer together than 100 micrometers).

The idea that all organisms are composed of cells is called the ______.

cell theory

Some types of animal cells can have fingerlike projections called ______ that increase surface area.

microvilli

What type of microscope can produce a three-dimensional image of a specimen, with the resolution power of 0.2 nanometers?

scanning electron microscope

Select all of the following that are characteristics of prokaryotes.

some bacteria have a capsule outside the cell wall includes bacteria and archaea single-celled organisms cells enclosed by plasma membrane

A eukaryotic cell is characterized by

specialized organelles and a distinct nucleus

Select all the types of microscopes that are capable of resolving objects only 0.2 nanometers apart.

transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope

Identify the prokaryotic cell structure indicated by the arrow.

DNA

Identify the plant cell structure indicated by the red arrow.

chloroplast

Microscopes that magnify in stages using several lenses are called _____ light microscopes.

compound

Select all of the following that are principles of the cell theory.

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. 3. Cells are the smallest living things.

How does an organism composed of relatively small cells have an advantage over one made of larger cells?

A small cell can more efficiently direct synthesis of certain enzymes.

Match each letter in this diagram of a plant cell to its correct label.

A> central vacuole B> plasmodesmata C> cytoskeleton D> chloroplast

Match each letter on the diagram of an animal cell to its correct label.

A> centrioles B> lysosome c> plasma membrane D> cytoplasm

Select the two main groups of prokaryotes.

Bacteria Archaea

Within the prokaryotic cell is a nucleoid region which contains------ a molecule that stores the genetic information.

DNA or dna

True or false: Prokaryotic cells have an organized nucleus whereas eukaryotic cells have no distinct nucleus.

False

------- are long, threadlike structures on some prokaryotic cells that rotate and allow the cells to move.

Flagella, Flagellum, flagella, or flagellum

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? Select all that apply.

Prokaryotic cells do not have special membrane-bounded compartments. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.

Select all of the structures found in plant cells, but not in animal cells.

cell walls central vacuole plasmodesmata chloroplasts

In 1839, Theodor Schwann reported that all animal tissues consist of individual compartments called ______.

cells

Robert Hooke in 1665 and Matthias Schleiden in 1838 observed that plant tissue is an aggregation of independent, separate ______.

cells

Select all of the characteristics of a eukaryotic cell.

encased by plasma membrane interior scaffold of protein fibers nucleus containing chromosomes cytoplasm

Select all of the features of the prokaryotic cell.

nucleoid region cell wall usually present plasma membrane ribosomes cytoplasm

Select all of the organelles found in a typical eukaryotic cell.

peroxisome mitochondria Golgi complex

Some prokaryotic cells have _____, which are short flagella that help organisms attach to appropriate substrates.

pili

Bacteria and archaea are two types of organisms consisting of simple cells called ______ cells.

prokaryotic

What category of cells has a relatively uniform interior that is not subdivided by internal membranes into separate compartments?

prokaryotic