Biology 101 (Test 4)

Reproductive Cloning

A method used to make a clone or an identical copy of an entire multicellular organism

What carries a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell? A. A plasmid B. An electrophoresis gel C. A restriction enzyme D. Polymerase chain reaction

A. A plasmid

Which of the following does cytosine pair with? A. Guanine B. Thymine C. Adenine D. A pyrimidine

A. Guanine

Which of the following accounts for most repair of mistakes made during DNA replication? A. Proofreading by DNA polymerase B. Proofreading by telomerase C. Mismatch repair D. Excision repair E. None of the above

A. Proofreading by DNA polymerase

What best describes RNA polymerase? A. Synthesizes mRNA B. Has an anti-codon that matches a codon C. Creates the peptide bonds in the ribosome D. Carries the genetic code E. Makes complementary DNA strands

A. Synthesizes mRNA

Gene expression refers to what process? A. The process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into protein B. The process of transcribing RNA into DNA and translating DNA into protein C. The process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into chromatin D. All of the above E. None of the above

A. The process of transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into protein

What controls the timing of gene expression? A. The regulatory sequence for a gene B. The nucleotides that dictate the sequence of amino acids in the protein C. The coding sequence for a gene D. The alleles for a gene E. The transgenic portion of a gene

A. The regulatory sequence for a gene

Ligase

An enzyme that connects two fragments of DNA to make a single fragment

Primase

An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer

Helicase

An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks.

The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is ________. A. Mismatch repair B. DNA polymerase proofreading C. Nucleotide excision repair D. Thymine dimers

B. DNA polymerase proofreading

What best describes tRNA? A. Synthesizes mRNA B. Has an anti-codon that matches a codon C. Creates the peptide bonds in the ribosome D. Carries the genetic code E. Makes complementary DNA strands

B. Has an anti-codon that matches a codon

What proteins are crucial for creating and maintaining DNA replication forks? A. Helicase creates the replication fork; primase keeps the strands from closing shut B. Helicase creates the replication fork; single-strand binding proteins keep the single strands from reuniting C. Ligase creates the replication fork; DNA polymerase II keeps single strands from reuniting D. All of the above E. None of the above

B. Helicase creates the replication fork; single-strand binding proteins keep the single strands from reuniting

DNA replicates by which of the following models? A. Conservative B. Semiconservative C. Dispersive D. None of the above

B. Semiconservative

A gene has the sequence ATCGATTG. What is the sequence of the complementary DNA? A. ATCGATTG B. TAGCTAAC C. GTTAGCTA D. UAGCUAAC E. CAAUCGAU

B. TAGCTAAC

The flow of molecular information from genes to RNA to proteins is referred to as what? A. The Central Limit Theorem B. The Central Dogma C. The Peripheral Doctrine D. All of the above E. None of the above

B. The Central Dogma

Which of the following parts of translation will be disrupted by a mutation in the coding region of a gene? A. The anticodon on the tRNA B. The codon on the mRNA C. The ribosome D. The genetic code E. A mutation in the coding region will not disrupt translation

B. The codon on the mRNA

What determines a protein's function? A. The sequence of amino acids B. The three-dimensional shape of the folded protein C. The location of its gene on the chromosome D. All of the above E. A and B

B. The three-dimensional shape of the folded protein

What best describes rRNA? A. Synthesizes mRNA B. Has an anti-codon that matches a codon C. Creates the peptide bonds in the ribosome D. Carries the genetic code E. Makes complementary DNA strands

C. Creates the peptide bonds in the ribosome

Prokaryotes contain a _________ chromosome, and eukaryotes contain ________ chromosomes. A. Single-stranded circular; single-stranded linear B. Single-stranded linear; single-stranded circular C. Double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear D. Double-stranded linear; double-stranded circular

C. Double-stranded circular; double-stranded linear

In gel electrophoresis of DNA, the different bands in the final gel form because the DNA molecules ________. A. Are from different organisms B. Have different lengths C. Have different nucleotide compositions D. Have different genes

C. Have different nucleotide compositions

DNA replication is said to be semiconservative because a newly replicated, double-stranded DNA molecules consists of _________. A. Two old strands B. Two new strands C. One old strand and one new strand D. Two strands, each with a mixture of old and new DNA E. Any of the above, depending on the cell type

C. One old strand and one new strand

What is the purpose of careful primer design before PCR? A. Primers dictate the specificity of the place you are amplifying B. Primers allow for complimentary nucleotides to be added to the new strand of DNA C. Primers must "sit" on the original DNA strand to give polymerase a place to start D. A and C E. B and C

D. A and C

In the reproductive cloning of an animal, the genome of the cloned individual comes from ________ . A. A sperm cell B. An egg cell C. Any gamete cell D. A body cell

D. A body cell

What best describes mRNA? A. Synthesizes mRNA B. Has an anti-codon that matches a codon C. Creates the peptide bonds in the ribosome D. Carries the genetic code E. Makes complementary DNA strands

D. Carries the genetic code

What best describes DNA polymerase? A. Synthesizes mRNA B. Has an anti-codon that matches a codon C. Creates the peptide bonds in the ribosome D. Carries the genetic code E. Makes complementary DNA strands

E. Makes complimentary DNA strands

In complimentary base pairing in RNA, A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G. True False

False. A pairs with U

Recombinant DNA

Plasmids with foreign DNA inserted into them. They contain new combinations of genetic material

Okazaki Fragments

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication

Replication Forks

The areas where the double helix separates to form a Y shape during DNA replication

Leading Strand

The new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction

Lagging Strand

The strand that is discontinuously synthesized in fragments using individual sections called Okazaki fragments

Genomics

The study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species

Each DNA nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. True False

True

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used to produce many copies of a specific sequence of DNA. True False

True

The first part of a gene is he regulatory sequence. True False

True

Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries an amino acid to the mRNA and ribosome. True False

True

Molecular Cloning

cloning of DNA fragments