Biology 102 Chapter #2 (Michelle)
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA? A)Uracil B)Adenine C)Guanine D)Cytosine
Uracil
A bond created from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a(n)______ bond A)covalent B)hydrogen C)ionic D)metallic
covalent
Hydrochloric acid is considered a strong acid because it A)produces very few hydrogen ions in water. B)produces many hydroxide ions in water. C)produces many hydrogen ions in water. D)dissociates very little in water
produces many hydrogen ions in water
A molecule composed of chains of amino acids is termed a(n)
protein,or polypeptide
The positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom are A)neutrons B)electron C)protons D)isotopes.
protons
If a protein has more than one polypeptide arranged together,this is the ____ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary
quaternary
The group of organic compounds that includes sugars and starches and serves as a major energy source for the body is known as .
carbohydrate
The four major organic macromolecules that make up cells are_________lipids,_______and nucleic acids.
carbohydrates, protein
Organic compounds always contain ___________ atoms. A)water B)carbon C)nitrogen D)oxygen
carbon
An ion is an atom or molecule that A)is in a gaseous state B)carries an electrical charge C)is attracted to a north-seeking pole D)forms a visible glow
carries an electrical charge
In the reactions that occur in metabolism,enzymes function as A)amino acids. B)lipids. C)catalysts. D)compounds
catalysts
The main function of carbohydrates is to provide A)cellular energy B)insulation C)transport molecules D)hereditary information
cellular energy
The ability of water molecules to cling to each other is _________,while the ability to cling to other surfaces is ___________. A)cohesion;adhesion B)dissolving;vaporization C)adhesion;cohesion D)cohesion;dissolving
cohesion;adhesion
A molecule made of two or more different atoms bonded together is called a(n) A)ion B)isotope C)atom D)compound
compound
A_________ is the type of molecule that results when two or more different atoms are bound together.
compound
The sequence of amino acids makes up the ______ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary
primary
Very small protein molecules that seem to be disease causing agents are called A)viruses. B)bacteria. C)flukes. D)prions.
prions
Low levels of radiation are commonly used to A)sterilize dental products B)destroy cancer cells C)produce images of body parts. D)All apply
produce images of body parts.
The coiling or folding of a polypeptide chain is the ________ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary
secondary
A lipid such as testosterone or estradiol, with its carbon atoms arranged in four rings is categorized as a(n)
steroid
A lipid such as testosterone or estradiol, with its carbon atoms arranged in four rings is categorized as a(n) .
steroid
The atomic mass of a proton is A)0 atomic mass units B)2 atomic mass units C)1 atomic mass units D)-1 atomic mass units.
1 atomic mass units
If the atomic number of an element is 9 and the mass number is 19,how many neutrons does the atom have? A)10 B)9 C)19 D)28
10
How many different amino acids compose all human polypeptides (proteins)? A)10 B)15 C)20 D)25
20
If the atomic number of an element is 27 and the mass number is 60,how many neutrons does the atom have? A)27 B)33 C)87 D)60
33
The pH of the blood is slightly basic.Which of the following describes this pH? A)6.4 B)12.6 C)4.7 D)7.4
7.4
Atoms with more than one shell are most stable when the outermost shell contains _____ electrons. A)10 B)1 C)8 D)6
8
What role can inorganic metals such as iron or zinc have in a reaction? A)A catalyst B)A coenzyme C)A substrate D)A cofactor
A cofactor
Which of the following contains high-energy phosphate bonds? A)DNA B)Glycogen C)RNA D)ATP
ATP
Which of the following molecules is the primary energy carrier in cells? A)DNA B)ATP C)RNA D)GNA
ATP
Explain the structure and function of ATP.
ATP is composed of the base adenine,the sugar ribose,and three phosphate groups and is used in body cells to fuel reactions,active transport,nerve impulse conduction,and muscle contraction.
Energy released from the molecule_________ is used to power chemical reactions within a cell.
ATP or adenosine triphosphate
What are proteins composed of? Multiple choice question. Nucleic acids Fatty acids Amino acids Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond
An ionic bond is formed when oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another;a covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons.
Which arrow in the following equation represents dehydration? A)Arrow 1 B)Arrow 2
Arrow 1
What role do some vitamins play in chemical reactions? A)As a coenzyme B)As a substrate C)As an enzyme D)As energy
As a coenzyme
True False: most important thing about protein function is the three-dimensional shape of the protein.
True
Which of the following is a nucleic acid? A)DNA B)RNA C)Both DNA and RNA D)None apply.
Both DNA and RNA
Which biological macromolecule functions as a source of quick energy for cells? Nucleic acids Lipids Steroids Proteins Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
List the four macromolecules found in cells.
Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids
If you need quick energy,would you eat foods high in carbohydrates,fats,or proteins? Why?
Carbohydrates.They are the quickest and most readily available energy source for the body.
Select all of the following that are functions of proteins. Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions Padding to protect against trauma Act as chemical messengers Movement of cells Transportation of other molecules Long term energy storage
Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions Act as chemical messengers Movement of cells Transportation of other molecules Long term energy storage
Which of the following is the main component of fiber in our diet? A)Glycogen B)Protein C)Cellulose D)Starch
Cellulose
A hydrolysis reaction is an example of which reaction type? A)Decomposition B)Synthesis C)Replacement D)Neutralization
Decomposition
Which subatomic particle determines the chemical activity of an atom? A)Neutron B)Proton C)Electron D)Prion
Electron
Explain how enzymes are essential to the body's homeostasis.
Enzymes are proteins that function as organic catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.They are necessary for the chemical working of the cells and the body.
True or false: Polysaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are chemically combined.
False: Reason: Polysaccharides are the result of many monosaccharides being chemically combined. A disaccharide is produced when two monosaccharides are joined together.
True or false: Triglycerides and phospholipids have the same degree of water solubility.
False: Reason: Phospholipids are partially soluble in water because they have a polar phosphate head, whereas triglycerides are not water soluble.
True False: weak base will accept many hydrogen ions.
False: A strong base will accept many hydrogen ions.
True False: Enzymes are destroyed after being used in a reaction.
False: Enzymes are recovered from a reaction to be used again.
True False: Fats are usually liquid at room temperature and oils are solids.
False: Fats are usually solid at room temperature and oils are liquid.
True False: Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon,nitrogen,chlorine,and hydrogen.
False: Over 90% of the body is composed of four elements: carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and hydrogen.
True False: radioactive isotopes are very dangerous and have no practical,safe uses.
False: Some radioactive isotopes are very dangerous and have no practical,safe uses.
True False: area of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate is the catalyst site.
False: The area of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate is the active site.
What makes a phospholipid different from a fat? A)Fats are neutral while phospholipids are ionized. B)Fats are solid while phospholipids are liquid. C)Fats are ionized while phospholipids are neutral. D)Fats are basic while phospholipids are acidic.
Fats are neutral while phospholipids are ionized
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids? A)Long-term energy storage B)Formation of antibodies C)Formation of cell membranes D)Formation of sex hormones
Formation of antibodies
Select all of these that are functions of lipids in the human body. Formation of the cell membrane Storage of genetic information Structural support Energy storage Formation of steroid hormones
Formation of the cell membrane Energy storage Formation of steroid hormones
Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide? A)Maltose B)Galactose C)Lactose D)Sucrose
Galactose
What is the main molecule that provides the energy to produce ATP? A)Phosphate B)Glucose C)RNA D)Uracil
Glucose
Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide? A)Pentose sugar B)Phosphate group C)Glucose D)Nitrogen-containing base
Glucose
Which of the following are classified as compounds? H2O C6H12O6 NaCl O2 Ca
H2O C6H12O6 NaCl: A molecule contains atoms of the same kind. A compound occurs when different atoms are combined.
Which of the following is NOT an instruction found in genes? A)How to join amino acids to make proteins. B)How to replicate DNA. C)How to break down complex carbohydrates. D)How to make RNA.
How to break down complex carbohydrates
What type of bond occurs between two or more water molecules? Ionic bond Van der waals bond Hydrogen bond Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
Explain how hydrogen bonding contributes to the characteristics of the water molecule.
Hydrogen bonding occurs between the negative (oxygen)and positive (hydrogen)sides of adjacent water molecules.Hydrogen bonding makes water molecules cohesive so water does not boil or freeze easily.Hydrogen bonding between water molecules and ions also makes water a powerful solvent.
Which of the following is NOT true of RNA? A)It is single-stranded B)It has uracil instead of thymine C)It has ribose sugar D)It contains the blueprint for assembling a protein
It contains the blueprint for assembling a protein
What makes an isotope radioactive? A)It has more protons than electrons B)It releases energy to become stable C)It releases hydrogen ions into solution D)It breaks down into hydrogen and electrons.
It releases energy to become stable
Which four of the following are the major organic macromolecules that make up cells? Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Water Nucleic acids Hydroxide ions
Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids
Which of the following is NOT a property of water? A)High heat capacity B)Low heat of vaporization C)Solvent for polar and ionic compounds D)Cohesiveness
Low heat of vaporization
What is the role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction? A)Raises the energy of activation B)Raises the temperature of the reaction C)Lowers the energy of activation D)Lowers the temperature of the reaction
Lowers the energy of activation
Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? A)Protons and electrons B)Electrons and neutrons C)Protons and shells D)Neutrons and protons
Neutrons and protons
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Amino acid Monosaccharide Triglyceride Nucleotide
Nucleotide
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? Multiple choice question. Amino acid Nucleotide Triglyceride Monosaccharide
Nucleotide
Which of the following is NOT a macromolecule group found in cells? A)Proteins B)Organic acids C)Carbohydrates D)Nucleic acids
Organic acids
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15 and a mass number of 31.How many protons,neutrons,and electrons does an atom of the element phosphorus have?
Phosphorus has 15 protons,16 neutrons,and 15 electrons.
Which biological macromolecule performs a wide range of functions including structural support, transport, and catalysis (speeding up) of metabolic reactions? Protein Nucleic acid Lipid Carbohydrate
Protein
Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? A)Neutron B)Proton C)Electron D)Prion
Proton
Describe each of the three subatomic particles with regard to charge,weight,and location in an atom.
Protons are positively charged particles with a weight of one atomic mass unit that are located in the nucleus of an atom.Neutrons are uncharged particles with a weight of one atomic mass unit that are also found in the nucleus of an atom.Electrons are negatively charged particles with no appreciable weight that are located in the electron shells that surround the nucleus of an atom.
Which of the following contains glucose? A)Protein B)Fat C)Nucleic acid D)Starch
Starch
Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide? A)Glucose B)Fructose C)Sucrose D)Galactose
Sucrose
Which of the following types of reactions involves the production of a larger product by combining smaller reactants? A)Degradation B)Replacement C)Synthesis D)Decomposition
Synthesis
Which of the following are classified as steroids? Testosterone Glycerol Cholesterol Phospholipid Estrogen
Testosterone Cholesterol Estrogen
Which of the following are classified as steroids? Multiple select question. Phospholipid Testosterone Estrogen Cholesterol Glycerol
Testosterone Estrogen Glycerol
True False: number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom will determine the chemical activity of the atom.
True
Which of the following is NOT a property of water? A)The ability to cling to other water molecules,yet flow. B)The ability to facilitate chemical reactions. C)The ability to insulate the body from temperature extremes. D)The ability to dissolve nonpolar,hydrophobic molecules.
The ability to dissolve nonpolar,hydrophobic molecules.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A)They form structural components such as collagen. B)They form many hormones. C)They form actin and myosin needed for muscular movement. D)They form important energy molecules.
They form important energy molecules.
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A)They form enzymes to speed up reactions. B)They form the backbone of cell membranes. C)They form hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood. D)They form antibodies to protect the body from disease.
They form the backbone of cell membranes.
True False: action is very specific due to the shapes of the enzyme and substrate.
True
Glycogen is A)a monosaccharide used for quick energy. B)a protein found in cell membranes. C)a polysaccharide used as stored energy in animals. D)a fat found in margarine.
a polysaccharide used as stored energy in animals.
A substance that dissociates in water,releasing hydrogen ions is a(n) A)salt B)base C)protein D)acid
acid
A pH of 5.5 would be considered A)acidic B)basic C)neutral
acidic
A three base sequence on DNA and therefore RNA codes for a(n) A)glucose. B)fatty acid. C)amino acid. D)steroid
amino acid
The subunit molecules for proteins are A)atoms B)amino acids C)enzymes D)polymers
amino acids
High levels of radiation are NOT used A)to sterilize medical equipment B)to kill cancer cells C)as tracers to detect molecular changes D)to sterilize from anthrax
as tracers to detect molecular changes
A(n)_______ is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element..
atom
An element is any substance that contains one type of A)molecule B)isotope C)atom D)proton.
atom
The smallest unit of matter is the A)molecule B)atom C)compound. D)isotope
atom
The number of protons in an atom is called the A)atomic number B)atomic weight C)mass number D)combining weight
atomic number
A substance that can take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions in water is a(n) A)salt. B)base C)protein D)acid
base
Chemicals that help keep body fluids within a normal pH range are called A)acids B)bases C)buffers D)salts.
buffers
Any process that causes an irreversible change in the shape of a protein is called A)denaturation. B)emulsification. C)hydrolysis. D)degradation.
denaturation
When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms a ______ bond is formed A)single covalent B)double covalent C)triple covalent D)double ionic
double covalent
The shape of the DNA molecule is a(n) A)single strand. B)globule. C)double helix. D)inverted T.
double helix
When one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom,a(n)___________ covalent bond is formed. A)polar B)nonpolar C)ionic D)metallic
polar
Compounds that form ions when put into water are called A)mixtures. B)solvents. C)electrolytes. D)suspensions.
electrolytes
An atom is the smallest component of a(n) _____ where it still retains its chemical properties. solution compound element mixture
element
The process that allows fats to mix with water,particularly so digestion can occur is called A)hydrolysis B)degradation C)dehydration D)emulsification
emulsification
In the body, lipids make up cell membranes, provide insulation, and store________ for future use.
energy
A carbon-hydrogen chain that ends with a carboxylic acid group (-- COOH) is called a ______.
fatty acid
The removal of a water molecule during a reaction results in A)breaking a bond. B)forming an acid. C)hydrolysis. D)forming a bond
forming a bond
Steroids differ in structure from other lipids in that they have a backbone of A)four fused carbon rings B)branched chains of carbons C)saturated carbon chains D)unsaturated carbon chains
four fused carbon rings
The main monomer for carbohydrates is A)sucrose. B)nucleic acids. C)glucose. D)amino acids.
glucose
In the DNA molecule,the complementary base pair of cytosine is always A)uracil B)guanine C)adenine D)thymine.
guanine
The ability of water to absorb large amounts of heat energy without changing its temperature is a A)low specific heat capacity. B)low heat of vaporization. C)high specific heat capacity. D)high heat of vaporization.
high specific heat capacity
Acids are substances that, when dissolved in water, release _____ ions. helium hydroxide hydrogen sodium
hydrogen
The attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen to a slightly negative oxygen of another molecule describes a(n)________ bond. A)hydrogen B)oxygen C)nitrogen D)ionic
hydrogen
A weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom results in a(n) _____ bond. ionic covalent hydrogen
hydrogen Reason: Ionic bonds occur between ions, which are fully positive or negative. Although hydrogen bonds can result from polar covalent bonds, they do not involve the sharing of electrons.
An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of_______ ions.
hydrogen, H, or H+
The addition of water in an enzyme catalyzed reaction is a ________ reaction. A)dehydration B)hydrolysis C)exchange D)neutralization
hydrolysis
Substances that are water-loving are called A)hydrophilic B)hydrophobic C)hydrophoriC D)hydrochromic
hydrophilic
Substances, or solutes, that dissolve in water are said to be
hydrophilic or polar
Water-insoluble substances, that do not dissolve in water, are said to be .
hydrophobic, nonpolar, non-polar, or non polar
An atom or group of atoms with a charge is called a(n) A)molecule B)isotope C)compound D)ion
ion
A bond created from the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions is a(n)______ bond A)covalent B)hydrogen C)ionic D)metallic
ionic
Atoms of the same element that have equal numbers of protons but different number of neutrons are called
isotope
12C, 13C and 14C are common ______ of the element carbon.
isotopes
Different forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called A)molecules B)compounds C)isotopes D)lattices
isotopes
Organic compounds that are always insoluble in water are called A)sugars B)lipids C)nucleotides D)proteins
lipids
What monomer is NOT correctly matched with its macromolecule? A)carbohydrates - glucose B)lipids - glycerol and citric acids C)proteins - amino acids D)nucleic acids - nucleotides
lipids - glycerol and citric acids
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell is termed _____. Multiple choice question. metabolism lipolysis hydrolysis denaturation
metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell is A)emulsification B)metabolism C)denaturation D)synthesis.
metabolism
Glycogen and starch are ______. monosaccharides polysaccharides disaccharides
polysaccharides
Exactly 6.02 x 1023 atoms of any element is called 1 ____ of that element A)atomic mass unit B)isotope C)mole D)mouse
mole
Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit are called A)molecules B)ions C)radioisotopes D)buffers
molecules
A simple sugar, which consists of between 3-7 carbon atoms, is classified as a(n) .
monosaccharide
Glucose, fructose, and galactose all consist of a single sugar unit and are therefore classified as _______. disaccharides polysaccharides monosaccharides
monosaccharides
Hydrogen bonds occur within or between molecules containing a slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly_______atoms such as oxygen.
negative
A pH of 7.0 would be considered A)acidic B)basic C)neutral
neutral
The rungs of the DNA ladder are composed of A)nitrogen base pairs. B)sugar-phosphate chain. C)adenine-ribose chain. D)glucose-phosphate chain.
nitrogen base pairs.
The subunit building block of nucleic acids is the A)monosaccharide. B)nucleotide C)amino acid D)fatty acid
nucleotide
Both DNA and RNA are made of repeating subunits called________
nucleotides or nucleotide
A monosaccharide of five carbons is a A)hexose sugar B)glycerol C)fatty acid D)pentose sugar
pentose sugar
ATP is a modified nucleotide composed of an adenosine molecule (adenine plus ribose) and three------ groups.
phosphate
Phospholipids are similar to triglycerides except that in place of one fatty acid, they have a _____ group. methyl phosphate amino carboxylic acid
phosphate
The third phosphate group of an ATP molecule is attached to the rest of the molecule by a high-energy ______ bond. peptide phosphate hydrogen
phosphate
The molecule shown in the image above is a(n) ______. steroid carbohydrate nucleic acid phospholipid
phospholipid
The lipid molecules that are the main component of cell membranes are A)steroids B)triglycerides C)phospholipids D)prostaglandins
phospholipids
The backbone or sides of a DNA helix consists of A)nitrogen base pairs. B)sugar-phosphate chain. C)adenine-ribose chain. D)glucose-phosphate chain.
sugar-phosphate chain.
The coiling and folding of a polypeptide chain into a more circular molecule is the ____ structure of a protein. A)primary B)secondary C)tertiary D)quaternary
tertiary
The lower the pH, A)the lesser the hydrogen ion concentration. B)the more acidic the solution. C)the lesser the hydrogen ion concentration and the more acidic the solution. D)the greater the hydroxide ion concentration. E)the more basic the solution and the greater the hydroxide ion concentration.
the more acidic the solution
The differences between one polypeptide and another lies in A)the type of peptide bond they contain. B)the type of sugar they contain. C)whether they are saturated or not. D)the sequence of amino acids.
the sequence of amino acids.
Molecules form from A)the shape of the individual atoms B)the attraction between electrons C)the sharing of electrons D)a drive toward solubility
the sharing of electrons
In the DNA molecule,the complementary base pair of adenine is always A)uracil. B)cytosine. C)thymine. D)guanine.
thymine.
Water accounts for approximately ______ of body weight. two-thirds one-third half
two-thirds
Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds,the fat is considered A)saturated B)unsaturated C)emulsified D)synthesized
unsaturated
The most abundant molecule in living organisms is A)water B)glucose C)oxygen D)ammonia
water
What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the human body? Protein Carbohydrate Water Salt
water
