Biology 103 Chapter 13 Mastering Biology

If you are dehydrated, which of the following would increase in your kidneys?

reabsorption

The active movement of ions and drugs from capillaries into tubules is called ___________.

secretion

The movement of substances from the blood into the proximal tubule is known as _____.

secretion

In their mechanism of action, a difference between steroid and nonsteroid hormones is that __________.

steroid hormones enter the nucleus of the target cell, and nonsteroid hormones do not

The most abundant solute in urine is _____.

urea (and other nitrogenous wastes)

Suppose you are planning to go to the movies with your friends. For you, the best thing about the movies is getting a large tub of salty popcorn. However, every time you do this, you tend to drink lots of water, too. What components in your urine would be most affected by your consumption habits at the movie theater?

water, sodium ions, chloride ions

What percentage of urine is made up of chloride ions? Click on the top portion of the droplet. You may need to scroll down to see the percentage of chloride ions.

1%

Can you correctly identify endocrine glands and the primary hormones they produce? Drag the labels to their correct locations in the figure below.

A. pituitary B. growth hormone C. thyroid D. calcitonin, T3, and T4 E. pancreas F. insulin, glucagon G. ovaries H. estrogens, progesterone

Can you identify the major theme illustrated by each of the following examples? If necessary, you may review the themes in Chapter 1 of your book. Match the themes on the left with the examples on the right. Each theme will be used once.

1. Pathways that transform energy and matter 2. Information flow 3. Interactions within biological systems 4. Evolution 5. Relationship of structure to function

Can you identify characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes? Read each sentence and decide whether it describes type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or both. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.

1. Type 2 2. Type 1 3. both type 1 and type 2

Hormones help the body maintain homeostasis, or relatively constant internal conditions. Can you label the steps in a homeostasis pathway? Drag each label to the appropriate location on the diagram of a homeostasis pathway.

A. negative feedback B. endocrine cell C. hormone D. blood vessel

Kidney failure may be detected by abnormally high levels of creatine in the urine. What is the normal percentage of creatine found in urine?

15%

What percentage of urine is made up of substances other than water and urea?

2.5%

Which arrow indicates the direction of a gradient of increasing solute concentration in the interstitial fluid surrounding a nephron?

A only

Select the correct statement about target cells.

A target cell must have the correct protein receptor to respond to a hormone.

Can you correctly organize these terms associated with the endocrine system? Drag the terms to their correct locations in the concept map below.

A. hypothalamus B. endocrine glands C. pituitary D. hormones E. steroids F. cholesterol

The figure shows the secretion and reception of endocrine hormones. Can you identify the different structures? Drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the figure.

A. membrane enclosed sacs B. hormone molecules C. blood vessel D. target cell E. receptor protein

Select the correct statement about endocrine hormones.

Endocrine hormones travel through the bloodstream.

Why do only some cells have a response to a hormone that is transported throughout the entire body?

Only some cells have the receptors for any particular hormone.

The hormone vasopressin is released from the pituitary gland when the blood is hypertonic (when the concentration of dissolved solutes in the blood is higher than that in cells). Vasopressin acts on nephrons in the kidneys to help restore proper fluid balance by drawing water back into the blood. What will the water content of human urine be when vasopressin is acting on the kidneys?

The person's urine will contain less than 94% water.

Glucose is removed from filtrate by _____.

active transport

Which of these is reabsorbed from filtrate?

all of these

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes the _____ permeable to water.

collecting duct

Which of the following would potentially be hindered by the presence of a kidney stone located where urine exits the kidney?

excretion

Which best describes the function of the kidneys?

filtering blood, removing wastes and regulating water balance

The movement of substances out of the glomerulus and into Bowman's capsule is referred to as _____.

filtration

As filtrate moves down the loop of Henle, the surrounding interstitial fluid becomes _____ concentrated than the filtrate, so _____ leaves the filtrate.

more ... water

Under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), _____ is produced.

more concentrated urine

__________ are the functional units of the kidney.

nephrons