Biology 1120 exam 2 review

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

wings

Movable spines are found on ____ of the phylum Echinodermata.

Echinoidea

Ascomycetes reproduce sexually by forming:

ascospores

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n)

centipede

An elongate uniramid with many legs as well as poison claws is known as a(n):

centipede

Hermaphroditic earthworms reproduce sexually by connecting their bodies by their ____. This allows transfer of ____ from one worm to the other.

clitellum; sperm

The ____ of an earthworm allows them to resist desiccation in terrestrial environments.

cuticle

The sori of most ferns are found on which part of the plant? Correct!

fronds

Black bread mold is ____, which means that it can't self-fertilize.

heterothallic

An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a sponge

true

An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a sponge.

true

Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates.

true

Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle.

true

One member of subphylum Chelicerata is a spider.

true

What is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?

Antheridium

Which statement about mycorrhizae is FALSE?

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are extracellular

After embryonic development, members of the phylum Rotifera are incapable of:

cell division

Biramous appendages in arthropods are only present in which organism?

crustaceans

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and ____, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and ____.

ctenophores; endoderm

Maxillae are used to bite and grind food.

false it's mandibles

A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:

incomplete and imperfect

Microsporocytes divide by ____ to form ____.

meiosis, microspores

The veliger larval form is unique to:

molluscs

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

A plant with parallel veins and floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:

monocot

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

more specialized

sea stars eat

mostly crustaceans and mollusks.

In most protostomes, the blastopore develops into the:

mouth

What specialized structure do crustaceans use to sense gravity?

statocysts

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

crustaceans

Each archegonium produces many eggs.

false

Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults, a water vascular system, tube feet, and spiny skin.

false

In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the egg and the other sperm fuses with a spore.

false

Mosses have stems, roots, and leaves.

false

Most conifers are dioecious.

false

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a:

fruit

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called:

gemmae

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for:

locomotion

Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?

they lack vascular tissues

Malpighian tubules are used for excretion.

true

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of:

diploid and haploid stages.

All echinoderms are found:

in marine habitats

Which of the following is a characteristic shared between green algae and plants?

Chlorophylls a and b in plastids

A fish with a cartilaginous skeleton and paired fins would be in the group:

Chondrichthyes.

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develop into a:

Fruit

Sea stars are primarily:

carnivores

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

cat

Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.

true

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

The cell walls of fungi are composed of:

chitin

After a moss spore germinates, it forms a prothallus.

false

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.

false

What are the multicellular sex organs in plants?

gametangia

What is the structure labeled as A in the accompanying figure?

gametangium of an alga

Cells of the blastula undergo ____, a process that forms and segregates the three germ layers. Correct!

gastrulation

Where does digestion in a sponge takes place?

individual cells

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea

Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________.

integuments

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

joint appendages

Microphylls is a structure that can only be found in:

Club mosses

What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain?

Megasporangia

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is a(n):

choanoflagellate

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

crustaceans

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which label denotes the nerve cord?

5

____ are small leaves with a single vascular strand.

Microphylls

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as

Monoecious

Which phylum does the life cycle in the accompanying figure represent?

Phylum Ascomycota

Why are seeds reproductively superior to spores?

Seeds contain a young plant and also are protected by a seed coat

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

They have a segmented body.

Which unicellular fungus is probably in most kitchens?

Yeast

Plants that have a distinct haploid stage and diploid stage exhibit:

alternation of generations

Yeasts reproduce asexually by

budding

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange

diffusion

Angiosperms have ____ in their phloem.

sieve tube elements

Most diatoms are unicellular organisms that produce shells composed of what?

silica

The fertilization process of flowering plants involves ____ nuclear fusion(s).

two

flatworm nervous system includes

two VENTRAL nerve cords

Tunicates (also called ascidians or sea squirts) are urochordates in the phylum Chordata .

urochordates, chordata

Which group of plants were the most recent to evolve?

Angiosperms

Which of the following phyla is unusual, as it is composed of a single species?

Ginkgophyta

Plasmogamy is the process that marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle. At some point the two nuclei in the dikaryotic cell fuse and form a zygote nucleus. This process is called Double fertilization

Karyogamy ; Plasmogamy

____________ is the process that marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle. At some point the two nuclei in the dikaryotic cell fuse and form a zygote nucleus. This process is called ______________ .

Karyogamy; Plasmogamy

An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class:

Polyplacophora

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation needed for living on land?

external respiratory surfaces

The structure in the accompanying figure labeled as 4 is:

haploid

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as:

homospory

A ____ is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.

hypha

Plasmogamy is the process that marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle. At some point the two nuclei in the dikaryotic cell fuse and form a zygote nucleus. This process is called Karyogamy .

karyogamy and plasmogamy

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:

monoecious

Which of the following are an example of a gymnosperm?

pines

What is the structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure?

pistil

Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle?

plasmogamy

When a moss spore lands in a suitable spot, it germinates and grows into a filament of cells called a:

protonema.

Ferns are classified under which Phylum?

pteridophyta

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

setae

Most arachnids have ____ pair(s) of jointed appendages.

six

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

snail

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?

spider

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

suspension feeders

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

the use of tracheae

The ____ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

trilobites

.Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.

true

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated?

wind

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

milipedes

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

A gemma is a sexual reproductive structure produced by certain liverworts.

false

Echinoderms are related to vertebrates because the first opening to develop becomes the mouth.

flase

Members of the ____ are thought to have given rise to plants.

green algae

Deuterostomes are characterized by ____ and ____ cleavage.

radial; indeterminate

The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the:

scolex

Which of the mollusks have a closed circulatory system?

squids

The heart of amphibians has three chambers. The hearts of birds and mammals have four chambers.

three, four

The sac fungi Ascomycetes are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:

Asci

The most prevalent groups of fungi are:

Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Which statement about gymnosperms and angiosperms is FALSE?

Both groups have free-living gametophytes.

_________________ are divided into three distinct phyla: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Bryophytes

The Portuguese man-of-war is a colony of hundreds to thousands of:

Hydeozoans

A hypha is a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi.

Hypha

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth.

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which statement about label 1 is FALSE?

It is part of the sporophyte generation.

Which is a differentiating characteristic of land plants from green algae?

Land plants have a waxy cuticle.

Reduction in ____ growth is used as a sensitive indicator of air pollution.

Lichen

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

Porifera

The gametophyte generation of ferns is the:

Prothallus

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

In the process of fertilization in conifers, the pollen tube grows to which structure?

archegonium

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures labeled as 1 (hooks) are used for:

attachement

Gas exchange in arachnids takes place by tracheal tubes, ____, or both.

book lungs

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

coelom—nο body cavity

Fungi that lack septa are called:

coenocytic

The main structural protein in the extracellular matrix and an important shared derived characteristic of animals is:

collagen

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

collar cells

Members of the phylum ____ are the simplest organisms with a separate mouth and anus.

ctenophora

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and ctenophores , have only two germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm .

ctenophores ; endoderm

One characteristic of the class Holothuroidea is that they:

have a reduced endoskeleton consisting of microscopic plates embedded in the body wall.

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

locomotion

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

rapidly changing colors

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

rotifers

Sponges have specialized cells, but those cells are not organized into:

tissues

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

to regulate fluid balance

Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?

xylem

Which statement about bilateral symmetry is FALSE?

Bilateral symmetry evolved in cnidarians.

Which is an example of a member of phylum Zygomycota?

Black bread mold

What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton?

Exoskeletons must be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators.

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota, and not in any other phyla of fungi, is:

Flagellated cells

I am characterized by having a test and axopods. Who am I?

actinopods

As adults, ____ are the only sessile crustaceans whose external anatomy is completely different than its fellow crustaceans.

barnacles

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:

basidia

The technical name of most mushrooms that we eat are:

basidiocarps

Indeterminate cleavage takes place in ____ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is ____.

deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process

Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on ____ for achieving circulation and gas exchange.

diffusion

The nervous system of many species of flatworms

is a "ladder type"

Most fungal spores are ____ reproductive cells that are produced ____.

nonmotile; sexually or asexually

The cross section in the accompanying figure is representative of the internal structures found in:

oligochaetes

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they:

possess two shells with a hinge

Based on the accompanying phylogenetic tree, place the following evolutionary innovations or synapomorphies at their corresponding internodes:

A- evolution of seed B- evolution of sporophyte and vascular tissue C- development of multicellular sporophyte embryo with gametophyte tissues

The lowermost and outermost whorl on a floral shoot consists of petals.

false

The nervous system develops from the endoderm.

false

Which of the following is a vascular plant?

fern

Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to which organism?

sea anemones

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract.

Most mollusks are:

marine

The larvae of some cnidarians are known as ____ larvae.

Planua

Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following?

The ability to respond effectively in every direction of their surrounding environment

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:

angiosperms.

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end

Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil?

earthworms

The ____ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently.

haploid gametophyte

Which of the following species has been used for centuries to draw blood from areas swollen by poisonous stings and bites?

leeches

The female gametophyte generation in angiosperms is found in the:

ovule of the ovary.

Determinate cleavage takes place in protostomes and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is fixed early in the developmental process .

protostomes ; fixed early in the developmental process

Ctenophores capture food:

using adhesive glue cells that trap prey.