Biology 1201 Final exam- Moroney LSU
wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male with with blue eyes and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring, please answer the following question: What fraction of the offspring would have blue eyes?
about 50%
In aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen is directly required in _____.
accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's
activation energy
Cells have a Na+-K+ ATPase that pumps Na+ out of the cell against the concentration gradient and K+ into the cell, also against the concentration gradient. Why type of transport is this?
active transport
Glycosidic linkages are found in:
carbohydrates
Where is rubisco located in the chloroplast?
chloroplast stroma
Tubulin is a major component of this organelle
cytoskeleton
In biological molecules, phosphorus atoms normally form_______ bonds
five covalent
A child born with Down's Syndrome has ______.
has an extra chromosome 21
Which of the following separates the DNA strands during replication?
helicase
In this pedigree, males are squares, females are circles and dark colored symbols indicate individuals with a specific genetic trait. With respect to inheritance of the trait, the genotype for the individual indicated by the arrow may be ______. (exam three)
homozygous recessive homozygous dominant
Which of the following cells are haploid?
human sperm cells
What kind of chemical bond is found between paired bases of the DNA double helix?
hydrogen
What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?
it introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA
This process consumes O2 converting it to H2O
mitochondrial electron transport
When you sprain your ankle there is damage to ligaments and blood vessels. What type of cell division is occurring during the healing process?
mitosis
Which enzyme synthesizes small pieces of RNA to help DNA polymerase start making a new DNA strand during replication
primase
Chlorophyll molecules mostly absorb the ________ wavelengths of visible light.
red blue
Which organelle is active in protein degradation?
the lysosome
sulfhydryl group
-S-H
What are Okazaki fragments?
An intermediate of DNA replication made on the lagging strand
What is the main substance that makes up the interior of a potato tuber?
Starch
The mitotic spindle is composed of:
microtubules
Most RNA processing in a eukaryotic cell takes place in the _____.
nucleus
A cell has a diameter of 100 um. What is that length in millimeters?
0.1mm
What is the OH- concentration of the cola in the preceding question?
1X10-7M
How many CO2 molecule are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of lactic acid fermentation
2
Flower color in snapdragons is an example of incomplete dominance. If a red flowered plant is crossed with a white flowered plant, the F1 generation has pink flowers. If a pink flowered plants was crossed with a pink flowered plant, the progeny plants would be _____.
25% red, 50% pink and 25% white
The atomic weight of water is 18. In 100 grams of water, there are about _____?
5.6 moles
An unequal sharing of electrons between atoms results in
A polar covalent bond
Which in the middle of an mRNA sequence below would encode part of a protein with the sequence Thr-Ile-Gly?
ACCAUUGGC
wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male with with blue eyes and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring, please answer the following question: What fraction of the offspring would have black coats?
About 50%
The wild type sequence of a portion of an mRNA is: 5'-GGCAAAUGUCUC-3' and the GGC encodes a glycine in the normal sequence. Use the sequences below to answer the next two question. Five mutants mRNA have been found: Normal sequence: 5'-GGCAAAUGUCUC-3' A) 5'-GGCACAUGUCUC-3' B)5'-GGCAAAUGACUC-3' C)5'-GGCGAAUGUCUC-3' D)5'GCCAAAUGUCUC-3' E)5'GGCAAAUGCCUC-3' Which sequence above represents a nonsense mutation?
B
One strand of DNA has the sequence: C-C-T-T-A-G-A-G. The sequence of the complementary strand is:
C-T-C-T-A-A-G-G
What type of photosynthesis is done by sugar cane?
C4-type photosynthesis
Erythrose, a 4 carbon sugar, has the following chemical formula
C4H8O4
The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula of a polymer mad by linking ten glucose molecules together?
C60H102O51
Which compound below is chemically most likely to exist? CH CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5
CH4
Which source of energy is most directly responsible for ATP synthesis in the chloroplast?
CO2 fixation in the stroma
This component is found in eukaryotic cells______.
Carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid
Which of the following is NOT a protein function?
Catalysis of chemical reactions protein is part of hair and ligaments communication between cells (hormones) proteins are important in our sense of hearing of hearing and vision
Which of the following is a false statement with respect to cellulose.
Cellulose is a major food source for all animals because it is easily digested
The stage of the cell cycle that occurs immediately after cytokinesis is:
G1 phase
Which if the following structures directs newly made proteins to their correct location in the cell?
Golgi Apparatus
In which structure below do all of the atoms have reasonable numbers of chemical bonds?
H | N / \ H H
How would you describe the reaction after looking at the diagram in the last question?
It is exergonic with or without an enzyme
In pure water about how many of the water molecules are dissociated into H+ and OH-?
Less than 1 in 1 million water molecules has dissociated
USE THE CODON TABLE determind the amino acid sequence of the protein that would be produced if the following DNA sequence, 5'-GTCAGTCAG-3' were transcribed and translated. The DNA sequence shown is the template strand. Begin your translation with the first nucleotide.
Leu-Thr-Asp
USE CODING TABLE ON EXAM 3 An mRNA has the sequence: 5'-CCAUGUUAGCGUGAUCCA-3' What amino acid sequence can be translated from the complete open reading frame found in this sequence?
Met-Leu-Ala
What type of biological molecule(s) is/are inserted into bacteria by bacteriophages to start the viral infection?
Nucleic acids only
A father has blood type AB and a mother has a blood type B. Which blood type is NOT POSSIBLE among their children?
O
carboxylic acid (exam 1)
O -C= \ O-
Neither of your paternal grandparents have cystic fibrosis. Which grandparent is likely to be a carrier of the cystic fibrosis gene?
One or both grandparents must be a carrier but you don't know who
Why is water cohesive?
One side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other side slightly negative & Water molecules participate in hydrogen bonds.
Chlorophyll molecules are found on _____.
Photosystem II
All cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic have which of the following?
Plasma membrane
The cytoskeleton is composed of______.
Protein
Which one of the following functional group is important in protein folding?
R-NH2 R-SH R-COOH R-OH
The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called the _____.
Tertiary structure
What is transcription?
The making of RNA using DNA as the guide
A couple has a son who is colorblind. Neither parent is color blind. Which parent or parents has/have the color blind trait? Referring back to ^^ none of the child's grandparents is color blind. Which grandparent MUST be a carrier of the color blind allele?
The maternal grandmother
A codon is GCA. What is the sequence of the corresponding anticodon?
UGC
wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male with with blue eyes and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring, please answer the following question: What fraction of the offspring would be heterozygous for both traits?
1/4
How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a carbohydrate composed of 11 glucose monomers?
10
An atom having an atomic number of 10 and a mass of 22 would be expected to have_____ neutrons
12
How many chromosomes are in a human skin cell that is in the G1 portion of the cell cycle?
46
One strand of DNA has the sequence 5'A-T-A-A-G-G-A-T-3'
5' A-T-C-C-T-T-A-T-3'
How many CO2 molecule are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of aerobic respiration
6
An element has 8 protons, 9 neutrons, and 8 electrons. Its atomic number and atomic mass, respectively are_____.
8 and 17
The following is a map of four genes on a chromosome. Between which two genes would you expect the highest frequency of recombination? A_____5_____W___3___E_________12_________G
A and G
A couple has a son who is colorblind. Neither parent is color blind. Which parent or parents has/have the color blind trait?
The mother has the trait, the father does not
A disulfide bond in a protein that made of a single polypeptide chain is an example of_______.
tertiary structure
A bag with an unknown sucrose concentration made of an artificial membrane with pore large enough to let water pass but not sucrose was placed in a solution of 0.5M sucrose. After 20 minutes the bag was removed an it had gotten bigger. Which statement below is probable true?
the bag had> 0.5M sucrose initially and then concentration gradually decreases
How do the two members of a pair of homologous chromosomes differ from each other?
the precise sequence of the DNA within each of the chromosomes
Which of the following is true for endergonic reactions?
the products have more free energy than reactants
Large nucleic acids are synthesized from nucleotide monomers by which process?
the removal water (dehydration reactions)
In class I did a demonstration of the following reaction: 2H2O2 --> 2H2O+O2 This reaction did not occur until the catalase was added. What did the catalase do ?
The reaction is always exergonic but catalase lowered the activation energy
Insulin, a protein secreted by some pancreas cells is made on_____.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
The selective permeability of biological membranes is dependent on which of the following?
The type of transport proteins that are present in the membrane the lipid bilayer being permeable to primarily small, nonpolar molecules
You have two copies of chromosome ten, one from your mother and one from your father. These chromosomes are________.
homologous chromosomes
If a person has two identical alleles, he/she is ___ for that gene
homozygous
A molecule that has all nonpolar covalent bonds would be
hydrophobic
Different atomic forms of an element contain the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. What are these different atomic forms called?
isotopes
The macromolecule that contains codon is _____.
mRNA
the scientific method usually begins with ____.
making observations
The image (exam 3) represents a cell (2n=8) during _______. ALL of the chromosomes are shown in the drawing.
meiosis I
Which organelle prevents small charged molecules like Na+ from rapidly entering the cell?
plasma membrane
What is the approximate atomic mass of an atom with 16 neutrons, 15 protons, and 15 electrons?
31 daltons
Which of the following is a difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA uses the base uracil, while DNA uses the base thymine
This process takes place entirely on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
mitochondrial electron transport
A woman is a carrier of the color blind trait and her husband has normal color vision. What percentage of the children will be color blind?
none of the girls will be color blind but one half of the boys will be color blind
This organelle contains proteins
nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoskeleton
This organelle is found in plant cells
nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoskeleton
During mitochondrial electron transport, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen for the synthesis of the water directly come from?
oxygen (O2)
The H+ concentration in a cola is 1X10-4 M. What is the pH of the solution
4
Which of the structures is an impossible covalently bonded molecular?
H H | | H--- C------ C= O--H | H
One parent is heterozygous for Dwarfism and the other is homozygous normal, what is the chance that a child of theirs will have Dwarfism?
a 50% chance
The portion of mitosis where the sister chromatids have separated and are starting to be pulled to the opposite sides of the cell is called_______.
anaphase
How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction?
by lowering the energy of activation of a reaction
Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
Which organism below is capable of aerobic respiration?
grass yeast cells oak trees mice
How many CO2 molecules are released by a single pyruvate molecule during aerobic respiration?
3
The making of an exact copy of DNA is called
DNA replication
What is the order of information flow during gene expression?
DNA--> RNA-->Protein
Which molecule will yield the most energy in aerobic respiration?
glucose
Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process
phagocytosis
What organelle is shown in the picture?
Chloroplast
A strain of bacteria is found that is antibiotic resistant. After mixing a heat-killed, antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria with a living antibiotic sensitive strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now antibiotic resistant. Since this antibiotic resistance is a heritable trait what do you think happened?
DNA passed from the heat killed strain to the living room
The R group of side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?
Leucine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein
While at the store you buy some celery. The cells in the celery stalks are_____.
alive
This process converts glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid produces 2 ATP's.
glycolysis
How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be released from the complete aerobic respiration of a molecule of sucrose (C12H22O11), a disaccharide?
12
The wild type sequence of a portion of an mRNA is: 5'-GGCAAAUGUCUC-3' and the GGC encodes a glycine in the normal sequence. Use the sequences below to answer the next two question. Five mutants mRNA have been found: Normal sequence: 5'-GGCAAAUGUCUC-3' A) 5'-GGCACAUGUCUC-3' B)5'-GGCAAAUGACUC-3' C)5'-GGCGAAUGUCUC-3' D)5'GCCAAAUGUCUC-3' E)5'GGCAAAUGCCUC-3' Which sequence above represents a silent mutation?
E
You have recently found out that your father is a carrier of the cystic fibrosis trait and your mother is homozygous normal. You do not have cystic fibrosis. What is the chance that you are a carrier of the trait?
a 1/2 chance
In an alpha helix, a hydrogen atom participates in a covalent bond with a nitrogen atom of one amino acid and also weakly interacts with an oxygen atom. What is this second weaker interaction called?
a hydrogen bond
wolves are sometimes observed to have black coats and blue eyes. Assume that these two traits are unlinked. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). If black male with with blue eyes and a female that is heterozygous for both traits produce offspring, please answer the following question: What percent of the offspring will be normal colored with blue eyes?
about 1/4
A chemical reaction that requires energy to take place is called __________.
an endergonic reaction
A typical mRNA found in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell will have all of the following features EXCEPT:
an intron
cellulose does not readily react with O2 forming CO2 and H2O at room temperature because_______
at room temperature the activation energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted
If the pH of a solution is decreased from pH 7 to pH 5, it means that the
concentration of OH- is 100 times less than what it was at pH7
One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells
continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together
The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it
contributes to the membrane potential
sulfur and nitrogen atoms___.
have different number of protons have different number of valence electrons have different number of chemical bonds
You briefly expose bacteria undergoing DNA replication to radioactively labeled nucleotides. When you centrifuge the DNA isolated from the bacteria, the DNA separates into two classes. One class of labeled DNA includes very large molecules (thousands or even millions of nucleotides long), and the other includes short stretches of DNA (several hundred to a few thousand nucleotides in length). These two classes of DNA probably represent
leading strands and Okazaki fragments
Which of the following types of the molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
phospholipids and protein
