Biology 121 Final

sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Therefore, a neutral sodium atom has _____ protons and _____ neutrons

11......11

give an example of an isotope

12C and 14C

If DNA repair mechanisms were perfect, which of the following would MOST likely result? A. Evolution as we know it would stop because mutations are the only source of new genetic variation. B. The rate of evolutionary change would dramatically increase. C. Humans would stop aging, because aging is a collection of DNA mutations. D. Humans would live forever.

A. Evolution as we know it would stop because mutations are the only source of new genetic variation.

Which of the following correctly matches a polymer (listed first) with its respective monomer (listed second)? A. Nucleic acid - amino acid B. Lipid - Fatty acid C. Carbohydrate - Nucleotide D. Protein - monsaccharide

B. Lipid - Fatty acid

Which one of the following statements BEST represents the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A. Respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis occurs only in plants. B. Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, while respiration releases it. C. Photosynthesis occurs only during the day and respiration occurs only at night. D. Respiration stores energy in organic molecules, while photosynthesis releases it.

B. Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules, while respiration releases it.

Endosymbiotic theory explains the evolution of... A. animals B. eukaryotic cells C. sexual reproduction D. DNA

B. eukaryotic cells

The tiger moth has three phenotypes for the wing coloration gene; homozygous dominant individuals have white spots, homozygous recessive individuals have black spots and heterozygous individuals have gray spots. Therefore, wing coloration in the tiger moth is an example of ________. A. codominance B. incomplete dominance C. a pleiotropic trait D. a polygenic trait

B. incomplete dominance

The pH in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria should be _____ compared with the matrix due to the ______. A. higher; higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space B. lower; higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space C. lower; lower concentration of protons in the intermembrane space D. higher; lower concentration of protons in the intermembrane space

B. lower; higher concentration of protons in the intermembrane space

At the cellular level, which of the following molecules is considered are primary energy "currency"? A. DNA B. RNA C. ATP D. Protein

C. ATP

Based on scientific evidence, which of the following is a correct statement about our own evolutionary history. A. Modern humans evolved in Africa (~130,000 years ago) and then migrated to our current locations. B. Humans did not evolve from a monkey C. All of the above D. Humans and all other living organisms share a common ancestor E. Humans evolved from a recent hominin ancestor (i.e., Homo heidelbergensis)

C. All of the above

Which is the most accurate summary equation for photosynthesis? A. CO2 + C6H12O6 + H2O + light energy ----> O2 + H2O B. H2O + O2 + light energy ----> C6H12O6 + CO2 + H2O C. CO2 + H2O + light energy ----> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O D. CO2 + H2O ----> light energy + C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

C. CO2 + H2O + light energy ----> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

You isolate a single nucleotide from a nucleic acid chain and determine that the nitrogenous ring structure is that of thymine. Without knowing anything else about this nucleotide, you could say with certainty that the nucleotide came from: A. either DNA or RNA B. RNA but not DNA C. neither DNA or RNA D. DNA but not RNA

D. DNA but not RNA

Several chemical properties make water uniquely suited for its role as a central "molecule of life." Which of the following is FALSE? A. Hydrogen bonding leads to high cohesiveness between water molecules B. Water resists temperature changes C. Water is a good solvent of polar molecules and ions D. Water molecules are always non-polar E. The structure of a water molecule is stabilized by covalent bonds

D. Water molecules are always non-polar

Migration will have what kind of effect on the genetic variation between populations? A. will not affect variation B. increase variation C. eliminate all variation D. decrease variation

D. decrease variation

During photosynthesis and cellular respiration, the ________ forms of electron carriers have low potential energy. A. reduced B. carboxylated C. phosphorylated D. oxidized

D. oxidized

What molecule carries amino acids in the ribosome and is involved in protein translation? A. mRNA B. RNA polymerase C. DNA D. tRNA

D. tRNA

a mutation in ____ results in change in _____ that sometimes produces a _____ with altered structure and function

DNA, RNA, protein

Triglycerides are used primarily for _________. A. information storage B. biological catalysis C. cell membrane biosynthesis D. movement E. energy storage

E. energy storage

A skin cell in G2 of interphase has _____ as much DNA as it had in G1. A. one-fourth B. half C. four times D. exactly E. twice

E. twice

a pair of atoms joined together by a covalent bond

a slight positive charge on one and a slight negative charge on the other

during enzyme regulation, a non competitive inhibitor will bind to an enzyme's

active site

when carrying out a controlled experiment, it is important to

change only one variable at a time

a ________ is a group of species (populations) living in the same area

community

what variable is manipulated by researchers is the

dependent variable

the degree os disorder that, according to the second law of thermodynamics, is always increasing

entropy

are catabolic reactions endergonic or exergonic

exergonic

The process of a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane and depositing its contents into the extracellular space is referred to as

exocytosis

what is a polysaccharide that you would find in an animal

glycogen

most abundant element on earth

hydrogen

which type of bonds contain a positive and negative attraction

ionic and hydrogen bond

electrons are _______ charged

negatively

neutrons are _______ charged

neutrally

an unsaturated fat contains

one or more

most abundant element in humans

oxygen

through what process would a single-celled amoeba consume a large food object

phagocytosis

protons are _______ charged

positively

sometimes atoms lose or gain electrons, the loss of what results in a change of atomic mass

proton

Information in DNA is __________ into RNA and then _________ into protein.

transcribed; translated