Biology 1409 - Lab Exam 2 - Lesson 6 through 13

Experiment 1 - Observation of the Nervous System - Name the supporting cell at the pointer

Cell body

Which phylum is thought to include the first animals with developed nerves and muscles?

Cnidaria

List two ways in which invertebrates compensate for not having a spine.

1)Invertebrates have hydrostatic skeleton, which is known as a fluid that fills the internal bodycavity and provides mechanical support. 2.)Invertebrates also have an exoskeleton, it provides protection and support

How many ascospores are in each ascus of the yeast?

8

Which of the following is a function of the helper T cells?

?????form antigen-presenting cells which activate B cells????

What type of heterotroph are most fungi?

Decomposer

Which of the following is not controlled by the somatic nervous system?

Digestion

Which of the following is a method of fungal reproduction? Select all that apply.

Dikaryotic, spores, asexual, sexual and Zygosporangium

In addition to a spinal column, what key feature distinguishes members of Vertebrata from Chordata?

A hardened endoskeleton

Match the following environments with the type of protist that would have the best advantage in that environment.

Abundant Sunlight Abundant amount of other organisms that serve as a food source. Constantly changing environment A region that gets sunlight part of the year, but total darkness part of the year.

Which of the following organisms are classified under the kingdom protista? Select all that apply. Plants Algae Protozoans Bacteria

Algae and Protozoans

Which of these cells is NOT connective tissue?

All of these are connective tissue. cartilage, bone, adipose (fat), blood

Where does gas exchange occur?

Alveoli

Which of the following groups of chordates is not an amniote?

Amphibians

Which of the following are commercial uses of fungi? Select all that apply.

Antibiotics, food and Alcohol Production

Which phylum translates to "spiny skin"?

Echinodermata

What type of skeleton do humans have?

Endoskeleton

What type of tissue is skin comprised of?

Epithelial

A molecule that stimulates an immune system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)

Antigen

All members of the phylum Chordata have a notocord, a dorsal nerve cord, a muscular tail, and gill slits in their adult form.

False

Arteries travel to the hear and veins travel from the heart

False

Cellular slime molds are only ever found as single cells.

False

The phylum Chordata only contains vertebrate species.

False

What type of spore are derived from segments of the hyphae?

Arthrospores

Which type of spore is produced by cap fungi?

Ascospores

Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that often grows on nuts and grains in storage. Periodically, harvests of nuts and grains are tainted by aflatoxins, leading to massive recall of produce. This sometimes ruins producers and causes food shortages in developing countries. It is produced by the fungus known as

Aspergillis flavus

Which nervous system division controls involuntary actions

Autonomic Nervous System

Which of these are known as club fungi?

Basidiomycetes

Why are individual bones considered unique organs?

Because each bone is comprised of separate tissues

What type of symmetry is present in the duck pictured below?

Bilateral

Which of the following is true of both fungi and protists? Select all that apply.

Both can cause ailments and disease in humans Both have commercial uses

Which of these statements is true?

Both eggs and sperm are produced by meiosis

White blood cells are produced

from bone marrow stem cells.

The structure that prevents acid reflux is the _____

gastro-esophageal sphincter

Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?

heart

An example of a ball-and-socket joint is the _____ .

hip

The blood enters the systemic system after entering the

left atrium

B cells and T cells are

lymphocytes

A person who is an organ transplant recipient must take immune suppressant drugs for the rest of his/her life because the donated organ will have a different ____.

major histocompatability complex

What is pulmonary ventilation?

movement of air into and out of the lung/ atmosphere and the lungs

Movement is powered by contractions of the tissue called

muscle

Explain the function of the neuroglial cell

neuroglia are cells in your nervous system that are not neurons. Their role is to be the support team and cheerleaders for the neurons.

Adult vertebrates have no _____ .

notochord

Which cells are responsible for dissolving the bony matrix?

osteoclasts

Which of these forms of reproduction requires an egg?

parthenogenesis

Mycorrhizae are

partnerships between plants and fungi

To which phylum does the sponge belong?

porifera

Cartilaginous fish include _____ .

sharks

The five senses recognized by humans are

sight, sound, smell, touch and taste

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is

simple squamous

The signal for the heart to begin a beat originates in the _____ node of the heart.

sinoatrial

Digestion is completed in the _____ .

small intestine

Muscle tissue that is controlled involuntarily and has no striations is

smooth

Digestive juices in the _______________ have a very low pH

stomach

Which of the following terms correctly describes the locomotive structure identified by the arrow in the image?

Flagella

How does pressure influence the movement of gases?

Gases always move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

What characteristics are unique to the Kingdom Fungi?

Hyphae and Mycelium

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

vaccination

Which of the following characteristics are shared between some fungi and protists?

Immobile and multicellular

A human embryo develops into a male due to a hormone secreted by _____ .

the embryo/fetus

If lichens are such hardy creatures that they can grow just about anywhere, surviving the driest deserts, the wettest tropical forests, and the frozen Arctic, and secreting acid that can break down rocks to make soil, and can harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria, why do scientists worry when they see a die-off of lichens?

It is an early sign of pollution.

The human lungs contain a chemical called surfactant. Sometimes hospitals have to spray surfactant into a newborn's lungs to help it breath. What function does surfactant perform?

It lowers the surface tension of water (which would pull on the membranes making it harder for them to expand).

If a child is born on December 25 what is the most likely date of its conception?

March 25

A cell that does not circulate in blood, but instead settles in tissues near the skin and in the digestive tract, producing and releasing histamine when tissue is damaged is a(n)

Mast Cell

Which group of plants is dependent on water because they have swimming sperm?

Mosses/Ferns/

What nervous system structure is responsible for transmitting messages from the spinal cord to the muscles

Motor Neurons

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

Muscle Contraction

Which of these statements about menopause and post-menopause is FALSE?

None are false; they are all true. Answers: Ovaries begin to lose their sensitivity to FSH and LH. Menstrual periods become less frequent and finally cease. There are still eggs and potential follicles on the ovaries. They are all false, none are true None are false; they are all true

Why are algae not classified as plants if they are photosynthetic?

Plants have flagella and algae don't. Algae can be multicellular, whereas plants are unicellular. Algae have flagella and plants have cilia. Algae can be motile, whereas plants are non-motile

Which component accounts for the largest portion of blood?

Plasma

An immunodeficiency means that ____.

the immune system lacks one or more essential components

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

the nephron

All of the following can be a characteristic of a protist except Prokaryotic Unicellular Non-mobile Motile

Prokaryotic

Homeostasis refers to

the way animal organs and organ systems are constantly adjusting to internal and external changes to maintain a stable internal environment.

When we have an infection we often get a fever. In this case a fever is _____ .

the way our body fights the infection.

Blood is supplied to the kidney via the ________________________.

Renal Artery

Which component of the eye contains the photoreceptors

Retina

Which of the following muscle types is voluntary?

Skeletal

Where are red blood cells generated?

The Bones

Experiment 3: Skin Response What was the sensation for each hand when you placed them in the room temperature water?

The had that was in the ice water felt warmer and the hand that was in the warm water felt a little cooler

What organ receives oxygen first during each circulatory cycle?

The heart

How does the sensory system interact with the nervous system?

The sensory system helps the nervous system detect environmental stimuli that it may respond accordingly

Which type of blood cell is responsible for blood clots?

Thrombocytes

Osteoarthritis is caused by natural wear and tear in joints?

True

Some organisms in the kingdom protista can cause disease in animals.

True

Some protists can create energy by photosynthesis?

True

What is the protistan that causes sleeping sickness?

Trypanosoma

Which part of the blood is mainly responsible for the immune response and fighting infection?

White blood cells

Experiment 2: Limits and Capabilities of the Eyes What did you see after you stared at the yellow triangle, and then looked at the white paper?

You see an afterimage with blue but some orange color

Both mammals and birds are notable for having

a four-chambered heart

List four major characteristics of chordates.

a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail

The lining of the small intestine is very wrinkled and covered with villi. This is to increase the surface area and make _____ more efficient

absorption of nutrients into the blood

The type of connective tissue which stores lipids is called

adipose

Gas exchange occurs between the blood and the atmosphere across the _____ membrane.

alveoli

What do reptiles, birds, and mammals have that amphibians lack?

amniotic membrane and fluid

Adipose tissue stores energy in the form of _____ .

triglycerides

Which of these blood vessels has the greatest musculature and is most capable of recovering from expansion?

arteries

For what does the human body need calcium?

both bone formation and muscle contraction

Which group of animals helps regulate their internal temperature by moving into the shade on a hot, sunny day?

both endotherms and ectotherms

What term describes the ability of primates to swing through trees because of the rotating shoulder?

brachiation

The spinal cord is part of the

central nervous system

In a process called _____, an army of plasma cells and memory cells are produced from properly stimulated B cells.

clonal selection

Which of the following actions is not a fight or flight response?

decreased respiration

Experiment 1 - Observation of the Nervous System - Identify the structures at the pointer

dendrites

In which skin layer are the hair follicles located?

dermis

All protists are __________.

eukaryotic

Which group of protists are characterized by a whip-like projection that facilitates movement?

flagellate