Biology 152 - Launchpad Quiz Terms

A genotype is: A - the particular combination of alleles present in a given organism B- one of several forms of a gene C - the expression of a trait in an individual D - None of the other answer options is correct E - the location of a gene in a chromosome.

A

A recessive trait is expressed when the genotype is: A - homozygous only. B - homozygous or heterozygous D - heterozygous only.

A

All the alleles present in all individuals in a species are referred to as the _____ of that species. A - gene pool B - allele frequency C - genotype D - genotype frequency E - phenotype

A

Huntington's disease is a devastating neurological disorder. If a child of an affected parent receives one copy of the Huntington allele, he or she will develop Huntington's disease. Thus, Huntington's disease is considered a _____ trait. A - dominant B - reciprocal C - recessive D - neutral

A

If all other aspects of their lifestyles were equivalent, a vegetarian would have a smaller ecological footprint than someone who consumes a large amount of meat. A - true B - Vegetarians consume food at lower trophic levels than an individual that eats meat. This means that vegetarians are utilizing a trophic level with more energy available. Individuals that eat meat are consuming at a trophic level where much of the energy in the primary consumer trophic level has been lost to metabolism and heat C - false

A

In a homozygous genotype: A - both alleles for a given trait are the same B - both alleles for a given trait are the same, and the individual will be phenotypically dominant C - the individual will be phenotypically recessive D - the individual will be phenotypically dominant E - the two alleles for a given trait are different.

A

The rate of respiration _____ throughout the year. A - remains more or less constant B - varies significantly

A

Which of the following does not remove CO2 from the atmosphere? A - phytoplankton B - human C - kelp D - moss E - elm tree

A

Which of the statements is true regarding CO2? A - All of these choices are correct B - CO2 can be produced by natural and man-made processes C - CO2 is released as a product of respiration D - CO2 is a greenhouse gas E - CO2 plays a vital role in maintaining Earth's temperature

A

In a pond, tadpoles eat algae and fish eat the tadpoles. Around the pond, grasshoppers eat grass and, at night, are preyed upon by bats. Other bats eat the fish that eat the tadpoles. In this community, the tadpoles are: A - decomposers B - primary consumers C - Tadpoles consume algae, a primary producer D - This would make the tadpoles primary consumers E - primary producers F - secondary consumers G - tertiary consumer

B

Photosynthesis and respiration both play a major role in the _____ carbon cycle and can affect atmospheric CO2 levels on a seasonal or annual basis. A - None of the other answer options is correct B - short-term C - long-term

B

The ocean, much like the atmosphere, can serve as a sink for man-made CO2. In fact, both Earth's atmosphere and the ocean store roughly equal amounts of man-made CO2. A - false B - true

B

Which of these organisms can incorporate atmospheric carbon directly into C6H12O6, thereby playing a major role in a food web? A - decomposers B - primary producers C - carnivores D - grazers E - consumers

B

You are given 100 acres of land and asked to use the land for long-term reduction of atmospheric CO2 levels. Which of the options is the best use of the land for this purpose? A - Plant a regular lawn and use the land as a park to encourage people in your local community to exercise more B - Plant trees that grow rapidly, reach a large size, and live for a long time C - As the trees grow, they fix carbon into their tissues. The larger the tree, the more carbon that is sequestered in it. The longer a tree lives, the more time its carbon is out of the atmosphere and held in its tissues (a carbon sink) D - Plant a rapidly growing grass that can be harvested every year and used to make ethanol, which when added to gasoline reduces vehicle CO2 emissions E- Plant slow-growing, bristle-cone pine trees that are known to live for thousands of years and reach a height of about 6 feet F - Plant corn that is used to feed pigs, which, when raised, are harvested for sausage meat that is sold at the grocery store.

B

f a gene has two alleles, and allele A has a frequency of 83 percent, then allele a has a frequency of: A- 7 percent B- 17 percent C - 41.5 percent D - 117 percent E - 166 percent.

B

Decomposers are vital components of a food web because they: A - serve as primary producers B - immediately provide tertiary consumers with usable forms of carbon C - return carbon (as CO2) to the atmosphere D - incorporate the carbon contained in atmospheric CO2 into C6H12O6

C

Which of the answer choices is an example of stabilizing selection? A - breeding dogs from wolves B - antibiotic resistance in bacteria C - selection for average birth weight in humans D - decrease in the number of birds with intermediate-sized beaks who are unable to eat large or small seeds

C

Which of the choices is a cause of increased levels of greenhouse gases? A - burning of fossil fuels B - increasing cattle populations C - All of these choices are correct D - thawing of the permafrost in the tundra forest fires

C

Which of the statements about ocean acidification is false? A - Ocean acidification is predicted to get worse as atmospheric CO2 levels rise B - The pH of surface oceans has dropped by 0.1 units in the past 40 years C - Ocean acidification increases the availability of carbonate ions in seawater D - Ocean acidification makes it more difficult for corals to secrete their skeletons E - Increasing levels of CO2 in the ocean cause a decrease in the pH of seawater. Score: 1 of 1

C

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

A gene in a diploid species has five different alleles. In any one population, the allele frequencies of all five alleles must add up to: A -two B - ten C - five D - one.

D

An allele is: A - the location of a gene in a chromosome B - the expression of a trait in an individual C - None of the other answer options is correct D - one of several forms of a gene E - the particular combination of genes for a given trait in a given organism

D

Carbon dioxide combines with water to form a weak _____; this has caused the pH of seawater to go _____. A - base; down B - acid; up C - base; up D - acid; down E - antioxidant; up

D

Greenhouse gases: A - include carbon dioxide and methane B - absorb heat energy and emit it in all directions C - prevent average surface temperatures from dropping below freezing D - All of these choices are correct E - make life on Earth's surface possible

D

In addition to carbon dioxide, which of the compounds are also considered to be greenhouse gases? A - methane and oxygen B - oxygen and water vapor C - water vapor and ammonia D - water vapor and methane

D

When we say "populations evolve, not individuals," what does this mean? A - Only alleles change over time, not genotype frequencies B - Only genotype frequencies change over time, not allele frequencies C - Evolution is a change in the genetic make-up of individuals over time D - Individuals cannot change their genetic makeup, but genotype frequencies in a population can change.

D

Which of the statements about global warming is correct? A - None of the answer options is correct B - Overall, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by only 0.5 degrees C - A comparison of temperature data collected between 1999 and 2008 to temperature data collected between 1940 and 1980 shows that all environments on Earth have experienced an increase in mean annual temperature D - Higher latitudes have warmed more than equatorial regions E - Comparisons of temperatures collected between 1940 and 1980 to those collected between 1999 and 2008 show that most increases are in terrestrial environments and not in the oceans F Oceanic environments have warmed more than terrestrial environments.

D

Which of the statements is true regarding atmospheric CO2 levels during the last 400,000 years (you may want to examine figure 46.6)? A - Atmospheric CO2 levels have remained relatively constant and have only increased since the 1800s B - Atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuate periodically, with the highest levels occurring during glacial periods C - Correlation exists between low levels of atmospheric CO2 and high temperatures D - Causation exists between low levels of atmospheric CO2 and high temperatures E - Atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuate periodically, with the highest levels occurring during interglacial periods F - Evaluation of the data from ice cores shows that increasing CO2 levels occur when glaciers retreat, or melt.

E