Biology 1b: Energy Conversions in Cells
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
How many ATP are generated in the electron transport chain?
32
How are the products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Which is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose+ Oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 Describe in words what occurs during the process represented by the photosynthesis equation. Include the importance of sunlight
Carbon dioxide and water are combined in a series of reactions. Sunlight provides energy for the reactions. The end result of photosynthesis is the production of sugars (glucose, a food) and oxygen (a gas). The energy from sunlight is stored in the glucose.
Cytric Acid Cycle
In cellular respiration, series of reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass energized electrons on to the electron transport chain.
Consider the formula for glucose: C6H12O6. What does this indicate about the relationship of the reactants to glucose?
Six carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules were used to make it.
Describe the Importance of Photosynthesis
The world would be very different if green plants had not evolved because the world is based on green plants. They provide food for almost all organisms: plants, animals, and microorganisms. They release oxygen into the atmosphere. They provide people with products including building materials, medicines, fuels, and fibers. They form fossil fuels, which are used by people all over the world. None of this would exist without green plants. The world would be much less colorful and diverse as well, because we would not have the great variety of plants, including trees and flowers, we have now.
Navah writes out the chemical equation for photosynthesis. She includes two reacting molecules to the left of the arrow and two resulting molecules to the right. What must be added to the chemical equation to more accurately represent photosynthesis?
light energy, above the arrow
Write a paragraph describing how Earth would be different if photosynthetic plants had not evolved.
no food for organisms no oxygen in the atmosphere no trees or flowering plants no products based on trees or plants (building materials, medicines, fuels, fibers) no fossil fuels
Which is a similarity between alcohol fermentation and aerobic respiration?
Both start with glycolysis.
Thylakoid
a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis
Which is a commercial use for lactic acid fermentation?
making cheese
Which actions could be categorized in the "both" section of the Venn diagram?
starts with glycolysis produces ATP
How are the reactants represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
The equation for photosynthesis states that the combination of carbon dioxide, water and light energy produces a carbohydrate (glucose) and oxygen. The chemical formula is
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
electron transport chain
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
What do alcohol fermentation, acetyl CoA formation, and the Krebs cycle have in common?
All produce carbon dioxide.
Which statement about anaerobic respiration is true?
Anaerobic respiration is used commercially in the production of beer, wine, bread, yogurt, and cheese.
Johannes wants to know whether soil, water, or both are needed for plant growth. He chooses to conduct experiments on a willow tree for five years to answer his question. How can his experimental methods be changed to improve his experiment?
He needs to use a larger sample size.
Stroma
In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast.
Six carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules were used to make it.
It converts light energy to chemical energy.
What role does cellular respiration play in the water cycle?
It releases H2O to the atmosphere during electron transport.
Which statement best describes the relationship of photosynthesis and energy?
The process of photosynthesis is energy-storing because the process converts light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in the bonds of glucose.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide and water
Which actions could be categorized in the "aerobic" section of the Venn diagram?
consists of three stages yields 36 ATP molecules starts process with a glucose molecule
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
Which body activities require energy? Check all that apply.
growing and developing breathing reproducing moving muscles sweating
Which statement could be categorized only in the anaerobic section of the Venn diagram?
has commercial uses
Which statement describes the reaction for cellular respiration?
The equation is glucose + oxygen ® carbon dioxide + water and energy is produced in the form of ATP.
Which of these statements is true about autotrophs, but not heterotrophs?
They use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugars.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. What is the main transformation that occurs during glycolysis?
Glycolysis produces pyruvate, ATP, and NADH by oxidizing glucose.
Which is an example of why the process of photosynthesis is important to life on Earth?
Grass uses photosynthesis to produce glucose, which is used within the grass for growth.
During which process is water produced?
electron transport chain
Glycolysis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.