Biology 2 Exam 3

Hymenoptera is the third-largest order of insects, comprising the __. Over 150,000 species are recognized, with many more remaining to be described. Females typically have a special ovipositor for inserting eggs into hosts or otherwise inaccessible places. The ovipositor is often modified into a stinger.

Ants and wasps

The __ belong to the insect order Hemiptera that includes the true bugs, cicadas, and leaf hoppers. They share a common arrangement of sucking mouthparts. A few hemipterans are haematophagic (often described as "parasites"), feeding on the blood of larger animals. These include bedbugs and the triatomine kissing bugs of the assassin bug family Reduviidae, which can transmit the dangerous Chagas disease. The first known hemipteran to feet in this way on vertebrates was the extinct assassin bug, Triatoma dominicana found fossilized in amber and dating back to about twenty million years ago. Fecal pellets fossilized beside it show that it transmitted a disease-causing Trypanosoma and the amber included hairs of the likely host, a bat.

Aphids and scale insects

As adults, __ are the only sessile crustaceans whose external anatomy is completely different than its fellow crustaceans.

Barnacles

Animals in the phylum __, also known as lampshells, superficially resemble clams. However, they differ from the bivalve mollusks in that their shells are dorsal and ventral, rather than lateral. Although there are only about 300 living species, over 12,000 fossil species are recognized, grouped into over 5,000 genera.

Brachiopoda

Arthropods with no antennae or mandibles, yet having four pairs of legs belong to subphylum __

Chelicerata (spiders, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs)

Most insects undergo __ with four distinct stages in the life cycle: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

Complete metamorphasis

Phylum __ consists of the comb jellies: fragile, bioluminescent, biradially symmetrical marine predators.

Ctenophora

Indeterminate cleavage takes place in __ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is

Deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process

What chelicerate has essentially remained unchanged for more than 350 million years?

Horseshoe crab

According to E. O. Wilson (The Diversity of Life, Ch. 15), "Earth has a last acquired a force that can break the crucible of biodiversity." What is it?

Humans

With more than 1,000,000 described species, __ is the most successful group of animals on our planet in terms of diversity, geographic distribution, number of species and number of individuals.

Insecta

Scyphozoans are the "true" jellyfish. In scyphozoans, the __ is the dominant body form.

Medusa

The __ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

Mesoderm

In contrast with other members of phylum __, members of the class Cephalopoda are fast-swimming predatory animals.

Mollusca

Phylum __ includes clams, oysters, octopods, snails, slugs, and the largest of the invertebrates, the giant squid, which averages 9-16 meters (from about 30 to more than 50 feet) in length.

Mollusca

The Lepidoptera is an order of insects that includes __ (both called lepidopterans). More than 180,000 species of Lepidoptera are described, that's equal to about 10% of the total described species of living organisms. It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. The term was coined by Linnaeus in 1735 and is derived from Ancient Greek: meaning scale and wing.

Moths and butterflies

The common earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, is a typical member of the annelid class __. These worms are all hermaphroditic. They lack parapodia and have few bristles per segment.

Oligochaeta

One characteristic of class Bivalvia is that they

Possess two shells with a hinge

___ are the common names for members of the order Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless insect. They are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, bats and crustaceans. They are vectors of diseases such as typhus.

Sucking lice (Anoplura) the chewing lice

Which of the following is not an animal adaptation to terrestrial living?

ability to maintain location

What group of animals is composed of segmented worms?

annelids

The head end of an animal is known as its

anterior end

One true characteristic of all animals is that they

are heterotrophs

Which animal is an example of a bivalve?

clam

Radial symmetry is characteristic of

cnidarians

What is the main structural component of an animal cell's extracellular matrix?

collagen

A nauplius larva (free-swimming first stage larva of certain species with an unsegmented body with three pairs of appendages and a single median eye) is characteristic of __

crustaceans

Odonata is an order of carnivorous insects, encompassing the __. The Odonata form a clade, which has existed since the Triassic.

damselflies and dragonflies

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from

endoderm

Cephalization

evolved along with bilateral symmetry

The __ of arthropods provides protection and serves as a point of attachment for muscles

exoskeleton

The extinction of large mammals and flightless birds coincide closely of the arrival of __ in North America, Madagascar, New Zealand, Australis. (The Diversity of Life, Ch. 12)

humans

The Portuguese man-of-war is a colony of hundreds of thousands of

hydrozoans

Complete __ may reduce competition among insects within the same species; larval forms do not compete with adults for food or habitats.

metamorphosis

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

Determinate cleavage takes place in __ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is __

protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process

Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their predators?

rapidly changing colors

In animals, __ reproduction involves meiosis (R!) and the formation of haploid gametes that fuse (P! and K!) to form a fertilized egg, or diploid zygote

sexual

Adult members of the more than 1,000 different species of the class Cestoda (tapeworms) live as parasites in the intestines of probably every kind of

vertebrate, including humans

Trilobites

were early arthropods