Biology 3b
The production of alcohol or lactate from pyruvate during __________ occurs as a means of regenerating __________ from __________.
fermentation; NAD+; NADH
Which has the great potential energy?
glucose
Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?
glucose, lipids, proteins and fatty acids
Which process does not match the location in a typical eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis-mitochondrion
Select the molecule that contains the most stored chemical energy:
lactate.
One gram of __________ contains more than twice the amount of energy of a gram of glucose.
lipids
Which of the following could occur in a eukaryotic cell lacking mitochondria?
none of the preceding
The role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration is:
o accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
Two catabolic pathways which extract free energy from complex organic compounds are:
anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration.
Saturated fatty acids store more energy than unsaturated fatty acids. Based on your knowledge of aerobic respiration, you draw this conclusion because saturated fatty acids:
are more highly reduced.
During fermentation, the immediate fate of the electrons in NADH is that they:
are transferred to an organic molecule.
Cellular respiration is most accurately described as a(n) __________ process.
catabolic
The splitting of molecules into smaller components is referred to as:
catabolism
In cells capable of aerobic respiration, electron transport is coupled to:
chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP.
One product of the initial (first) reaction of the citric acid cycle is:
citrate.
Which of the following represents the location of glycolysis in a eukaryotic cell?
cytoplasm
How many ATP are produced when 2 acetyl CoA --------> 4 CO2
2
How many ATP total (gross) are produced when glucose -------> 2 pyruvate
2
An example of a substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs during glycolysis is the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to:
ADP
Which of the following is an end product of glycolysis?
ATP
Which of the following is not one of the starting materials of the citric acid?
ATP
Which of the following processes requires a net input of energy?
All of the following
Cellular respiration is neither endergonic or exogonic?
false
NADH and FADH2 are the products of:
oxidation-reduction reactions
In aerobic respiration, glucose is completely:
oxidized to carbon dioxide.
Select the molecule that contains the least stored chemical energy:
oxygen
In aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are ultimately transferred to
oxygen in a series of steps
In aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are ultimately transferred to:
oxygen in a series of steps.
In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted to two three-carbon molecules of:
pyruvate
Alcohol fermentation occurs in a number of plant cell types and microorganisms. The starting compound is _____, with the release of _____ as a product.
pyruvate, CO2
Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation:
release free energy.
A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:
the citric acid cycle
Hydrolysis of ATP is exergonic?
true
Why is O2 necessary for the operation of the aerobic electron transport system?
To accept electrons from the electron transport system.
If yeasts are grown under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted first to __________ and then to __________.
acetaldehyde; ethyl alcohol
Select the anaerobic pathway.
fermentation
Oxidative decarboxylation of two pyruvates yields:
2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH.
Which of the following letter choices best represents the products of glycolysis, if a single molecule of glucose enters the process?
2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), and 2 NADH
How many ATP are produced when NADH + O2 -------> NAD+ + H2O
3
When one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration, the net amount of ATP produced is:
36 to 38
In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which:
ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP.
Which of the following statements concerning chemiosmosis is true?
ATP is synthesized by the use of energy released as hydrogen ions diffuse from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
An important function of fermentation is to restore _____ to the cell.
NAD+
How many ATP are produced when pyruvate + NADH -------> lactate + NAD+
0
During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2.
Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true?
The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy.
Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE?
They may split complex molecules into their components.