Biology 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

Bioinformatics

Use of computer databases to organize and analyze biological data

Genetic engineering

Changing of an organisms DNA to give the organism new traits

Plasmids

Closed loops of DNA that are separate from the bacterial chromosome and replicate on their own within the cell

Genetic screening

Process of testing DNA to determine a person's risk of having or passing down a genetic disorder

Gene therapy

Replacement of defective or missing gene, or the addition of a new gene, into a person's genome to treat a disease

Restriction maps

Show the lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites in DNA strand

Polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

technique that produces millions or billions of copies of a single strand of specific DNA within a few hours

Human genome project

to map and sequence all of the DNA base pairs of the human chromosomes, and identify all the genes in a sequence

DNA fingerprinting

A representation of parts of an individual's DNA that can be used to identify a person

Primer

A short segment of DNA that acts as a starting point for the new strand

Gel electrophoresis

An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments from eachother

Recombinant dna

DNA that contains genes from more than one organism

Gene sequencing

Determining the order of DNA nucleotides in a gene or genome

Restriction enzyme

Enzymes that cut DNA molecules into specific sequences

Gene knockout

Genes that have been purposefully turned off

Clone

Genetically identical copy of a gene or organism

Proteomics

Study and comparison of all proteins that result from an organisms genome

Genomics

The study of genomes which can include sequencing all of the organisms DNA

DNA microarrays

Tools that allow scientists to study many genes and their expressions at once

Transgenic

organism has one or more genes from another organism inserted into it's genome.