Biology ch. 5

describe the relationship between trichonympha and termites

Trichonympha-flagellated protist that lives within the digestive system of termites and makes it possible for them to digest wood Termites themselves do not have enzymes to break down wood, but trichonympha does

how are protists defined?

Basically, protists are eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms

describe a mutualistic relationship of zooxanthallae and coral reefs

Mutualists: zooxanthellae is essential to the health of coral reefs. The host and the protist both benefit. zooxanthellae are essential to the health of coral reefs. These protists maintain a mutualistic relationship with the animals of the reef which can't survive without their help

describe the structure of fungi

Other fungi have bodies made up of cells that form long, slender branching filaments called hyphae In most fungi, cross walls divide the hyphae into compartments resembling cells Each contain two nuclei

nomotile protists

Plasmodium and cryptosporidium

what are the characterstics of heterotrophic protists/examples

Some heterotrophic protists engulf and ingest their food Some live by absorbing molecules from the environment Examples: Amoebas Ciliates Slime Molds Protists that absorb molecules

Explain how protists move

Some move by changing shape, and some move by means of specialized organelles. Some are carried by wind, water, or other organisms

explain symbiotic relationships

Symbiosis is a relationship in which two species live closely together

describe african sleeping sickness

caused by flagellated protists of the genus trypanosoma spread from one person to person by the bite of the tsetse fly the destroy blood cells and infect other tissues in the body, like nerve cells \severe damage to the nervous system cause some people to lose consciousness and lapse into deep and fatal sleep

Paramecium moves by

cilia (oars on a boat)

Basidiomycota

club shaped cell called basidium Examples are: mushrooms, puffballs, earthstars, shelf fungi, jelly fungi, rusts

Zygomycota-

common molds Examples-black bread mold

Cryptosporidium moves by

contaminated drinking water

Euglena move by

flagella (on or two per cell)

Why were protists considered to be the first eukaryotes

from the fossils of these single celled organisms,

most familiar part of mushroom

fruiting body

explain the characteristics of fungi kingdom

fungi produce enzymes that digest food outside their bodies they absorb nutrients from decaying matter in the soil fungi have chitin in their cell walls By definition-fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls made of chitin

what are the characterstics of autotrophic protists/examples

hotosynthetic protists include many phytoplankton species and the red and brown algae, and euglenas and dinoflagellates

Plasmodium moves by

mosquitoes and causes malaria

describe malaria

one of the world's most serious infectious diseases more than 1 million people die from malaria every year, many of them children caused by plasmodium, a spore forming protist carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. inside the human body, sporozites transmitted by mosquitoes infect liver cells, develop merozoites, and infect red blood cells

Chytridiomycota

only fungi with flagellated spores Examples-decomposers found in lakes and moist soil

Amoebas move by

pseudopods (false feet)

Ascomycota-

sac fungi-saclike structure is called ascus Examples: morels, truffles, penicillium species and yeasts

mycelium

the mass of branching hyphae below the soil)

describe intestinal disease

water-borne protists are found in streams, lakes, and oceans most cause little harm to humans, but some are parasites that cause serious problems