Biology Chapter 10

Which of the following reduces air flow through the respiratory system?

Asthma

How does external respiration differ from internal respiration?

External respiration refers to gas exchange between inhaled air and blood, whereas internal respiration refers to gas exchange between the blood and tissue fluids.

Deoxygenated blood is transported to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs by the pulmonary veins; oxygenated blood is transported away from the pulmonary capillaries by the pulmonary arteries.

FALSE

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration.

FALSE

True or False? The principle gas monitored in the respiratory system is oxygen.

FALSE

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions.

Which of the following will happen when someone holds his or her breath?

PCO2 will increase.

Under which of the following conditions would oxygen flow from the alveoli into the blood?

PO2 in the alveoli is 104; PO2 in the blood is 40.

Hemoglobin binds more tightly to carbon monoxide than to oxygen.

TRUE

True or false? Mucus in the respiratory system traps foreign material in the lungs.

TRUE

True or false? The pulmonary veins carry blood that is high in oxygen.

TRUE

The carotid and aortic bodies are arterial receptors that respond to __________.

a decrease in the PO2 of arterial blood

Which of the following has the highest PO2?

alveolar air

Gas exchange in the respiratory system occurs in the _____.

alveoli

Which of the following disorders is described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle; skeletal muscles weaken; death usually results within five years of diagnosis?

amytrophic lateral sclerosis

In the blood, O2 is transported primarily __________, whereas is transported primarily __________.

as oxyhemoglobin; as bicarbonate in plasma

Most of the carbon dioxide carried in the blood is in the form of _____.

bicarbonate

Carbon dioxide is carried from the tissues to the lungs by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following lists these mechanisms in order representing the mechanism that carries the most carbon dioxide to the mechanism that carries the smallest amount?

bicarbonate - carbaminohemoglobin - dissolved in plasma

Botulism toxin interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses (action potentials) to skeletal muscles. This interferes directly with __________.

breathing

The rate and depth of normal breathing are determined by

carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the respiratory center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

contraction of the diaphragm

A low pH reduces the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, increasing the release of oxygen and its delivery to the tissues. What produces a condition of low pH in the red blood cells?

conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate and release of hydrogen ions

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

dead space volume

All of the following respiratory disorders are due to infectious microorganisms, EXCEPT __________.

emphysema

The exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood is called __________.

external respiration

In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?

in a tissue with a neutral pH

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as air leaves the body

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that carbaminohemoglobin

is bound to carbon dioxide

Bronchioles differ from bronchi in that they

lack cartilage in their walls

Hemoglobin in the blood transports __________.

more oxygen than carbon dioxide

External respiration is the process of

moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue

Which one of the following is a symptom of botulism?

paralysis of muscles used for breathing

All of the following are part of an individual's vital capacity EXCEPT which one?

residual volume

During a cough, what is responsible for constricting the size of the trachea?

smooth muscle

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

Much of the respiratory tract is lined with ciliated epithelium. The EXCEPTION is __________.

the alveoli

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs make up __________.

the lower respiratory tract

A little girl was playing in the snow one day and found that she was wiping her nose quite often. The runny nose that she was experiencing due to the cold temperatures resulted from

the slowed activity of nasal cilia

The lungs are enclosed by a double pleural membrane. These membranes are attached to the __________ and the __________.

thoracic cavity; lung surface

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit

The maximal amount of air in and out of your respiratory system is your _____.

vital capacity