Biology - Chapter 15 H

Review the experiment discussed in Investigating Life 15.1. Select all of the following that are correct matches.

number of copepods consumed: dependent variable presence of bioluminescent algae: independent variable presence of stickleback fish: standardized variable

What symbiotic partnerships form between plant roots and fungi, and increase water and mineral absorption by the plant?

mycorrhizae

Select all of the statements that accurately complete the sentence below. According to endosymbiont theory,

1. both chloroplasts and mitochondria originated as free-living prokaryotes. 2. mitochondria likely arose when host cells engulfed bacteria that carried out aerobic respiration.

Classify each label into the proper domain.

ARCHAEA These prokaryotes are often found in extreme environments. All three domains arose from a common ancestor: this domain was he FIRST to appear. This prokaryotic domain is most closely related to domain Eukarya. BACTERIA All three domains arose from a common ancestor: this domain was he FIRST to appear. Organisms in this domain were first to produce O2. EUKARYA Organisms consists of cells with a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Endosymbiont theory proposes an explanation for how this group of organisms arose.

Select all of the statements that are true concerning the ecological significance of prokaryotes.

Bacteria and archaea are an important food source for other organisms. Without prokaryotes, nitrogen wouldn't be made available to other organisms to use in DNA or protein synthesis. Resident bacteria living in and on humans crowd out disease-causing bacteria. Bacteria help us produce cheese.

As discussed in Investigating Life 15.1, why might bioluminescence be an advantage for some species of dinoflagellates?

Bioluminescent dinoflagellates avoid predation by attracting predators of copepods.

The red box in the image below encloses arrows leading from small organic molecules that are monomers to larger organic molecules that are polymers. According to research, what word best describes the catalyst that made the transition indicated by the arrows possible? (Click on the correct answer.)

Clay

Drag the name of each bacterial cell shape to its correct description.

Coccus: spherical cell Bacillus: rod-shaped cell Spirillum: corkscrew-shaped cell

What criteria could be used to distinguish a bacterial cell from an archaean cell? Click on all answers that apply.

Composition of the cell wall Ability to use cholorphyl in photosynthesis

Arrange the following in order from the largest category (most inclusive) to the smallest category (least inclusive).

LARGEST CATERGORY: Life Eukarya Protista Protoza Cililates Paramecium SMALLEST CATERGORY

Arrange the following in order from the largest category (most inclusive) to the smallest category (least inclusive).

LARGEST CATERGORY: Life Eukaryotes Protists Algae Brown algae Kelps

Researchers are investigating the incidence of algal blooms in neighborhood ponds. In summer, they collect water samples from over 100 neighborhood ponds in Dallas, Texas and surrounding cities. They also surveyed residents in each neighborhood to collect data such as average lot size, average home value, average resident income, and lawn care methods. The researchers found that neighborhoods with large lots, high home values, and high income levels were likely to use automatic sprinklers and synthetic fertilizers on their lawns. These same neighborhoods were very likely to have abundant algae in their ponds. Based on this research, which conclusion below provides the best explanation for why algae proliferate in neighborhood ponds?

Lawn fertilizer that washes into neighborhood ponds likely causes algae to become more abundant.

Sequence the following major events in the history of life on Earth from the most ancient to the most recent.

MOST ANCIENT First cells originate Photosynthesis begins Origin of eukrayotes Multicellular organisms arise Plants colonize land Human beings arise

Which of the following statements about Stanley Miller's experiment and early Earth are true? (Select all that apply.)

Miller's experiment yielded life from inorganic molecules Earliest Earth lacked oxygen in its atmosphere. Miller's prebiotic simulation has been repeated by other scientists.

Review the experiment discussed in Investigating Life 15.1. What did the investigators find, as indicated by the data shown below?

More copepods are consumed in the presence of bioluminescent algae than in the presence of nonbioluminescent algae.

Place the organisms in chronological order by their first appearance in the fossil record.

OLDEST Prokaryotes Multicellular Organisms Terrestrial plants Terrestrial Vertebrates Tyrannosaurus rex Homo sapiens MOST RECENT

If you added the five phyla of fungi to the concept map, what linking phrase would you use to join them with the "Fungi" image?

"are divided into five phyla based on types of sexual structures"

The red box in the image below encloses arrows leading from simple precursor chemicals to small organic molecules. According to the Miller experiment, what word best describes the catalyst that made the transition indicated by the arrows possible? (Click on the correct answer.)

Electricity

What domain do diatoms belong to?

Eukarya

True or False? Pulling a mushroom from your yard kills the fungus.

FALSE

Put the following terms in order based on their first appearance.

FIRST Ammonia Monosaccharide RNA DNA Anaebroic cell Photosynthetic cell

Sequence the following major events in the history of life on Earth from the most ancient to the most recent.

First cells origniate photosynthesis begins oxygen builds in the atmosphere eukaryotes arise on earth multicellular red algae arise Humans begin arise

What group consists of amoeboid protozoa?

Foraminiferans

Select all of the reasons why fungi are important to humans and to ecosystems.

Form mycorrhizae associations with plant roots Form associations called lichens with algae or cyanobacteria Decompose wood and other organic material cause diseases in plants and animals

Choose all of the items below that are characteristic of fungi.

Fungi are all heterotrophic eukaryotes. Fungi are important for decomposition in the ecosystem. Yeasts are types of fungi. Fungi store carbohydrates as glycogen.

Drag and drop the labels to match each prokaryotic structure with its function.

Ribosome: - Protein Assembly Flagellum: - Movement Cell wall: - Gives shape to cell Plasmid: - Extrachromosomal material that encodes proteins Cell membrane: - encloses cytoplasm and cell contents

Place the terms in order from smallest to largest.

SMALLEST Atom Nutrient molecule Spores Hyphae Mycelium

Select all of the following that are true about protists.

Some protist are important autotrophs found in plankton Protist are the most diverse group of eukaryotes Some protist can produce toxins in deadly red tides and algal blooms Products from algae are used as thickeners and stabilizers in food products cosmetics toothpastes and other products

Multicellular eukaryotes might have originated when unicellular protists failed to separate after reproducing.

TRUE

Select all the statements that correctly describe slime molds and water molds.

They are all heterotrophic. Slime molds act as unicellular or multicellular organisms.

Select all of the ways that prokaryotes are important for humans and ecosystems.

help produce food and medicine fix nitrogen decompose and breakdown waste form the base of food chain healthy part of digestive tract

Protists are very diverse, and many different classification schemes have been used to define relationships between the protists. Traditionally, protists have been classified by their source of energy and nutrients, whereas newer classification schemes use mode of locomotion. How are amoeboids classified using both of these schemes?

heterotrophic by internal digestion, pseudopods

What fungal structure functions in absorbing nutrients from the environment?

hyphae

Amoeba move by the formation of what type of cellular extension?

pseudopods

What type of protist is heterotrophic and includes species whose cells can come together to form a slug that moves to a new habitat?

slime molds