Biology Chapter 2

18) Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described? a) Terminal b) Vellus c) Lanugo d) Papilla

Answer: c

5) Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? a) Melanocytes b) Sebaceous glands c) Sweat glands d) Stratum lucidum e) Epidermal ridges

Answer: c

In the diagram of a hair root shown, where does melanin get deposited? Select all that apply. a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer 1: a Answer 2: b

) Which of the following are characteristics of thick skin? Select all that apply. a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. b) Does not contain hair follicles. c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. d) Contain epidermal ridges. e) Lacking stratum lucidum f) Contains fewer corpuscles of touch than thin skin g) Stratum corneum has fewer layers in thick than thin.

Answer 1: a Answer 2: b Answer 3: c Answer 4: d

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply. Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. Blood vessels constrict to decrease blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. Vasoconstriction of the vessels decreases heat loss from the skin. Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin. Blood flow from the dermis is decreased while blood flow to the epidermis is increased.

Answer 1: a Answer 2: d

16) Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin? Select all that apply. a) Arrector pili b) Epidermal ridges c) Sweat glands d) Eponychium e) Oil glands f) Lamellar granules

Answer 1: e Answer 2: f

"Goose bumps" are caused by a) contraction of arrector pili muscles. b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands. c) contraction of dermal papillae. d) stimulation of hair root plexus. e) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

Answer: a

2) Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the a) epidermis. b) dermis. c) hypodermis. d) subcutaneous layer. e) superficial fascia.

Answer: a

3) Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light. a) 1 and 3 b) 1, 3, 4, 5 c) 2, 4, 5 d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e) 3 and 5

Answer: a

9) Tactile epithelial cells are located in the a) stratum basale. b) stratum spinosum. c) stratum granulosum. d) stratum lucidum. e) stratum corneum.

Answer: a

9) This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion. a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine gland c) Apocrine gland d) Eccrine and apocrine glands e) Sebaceous and Eccrine glands

Answer: a

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce a) melanin. b) carotene. c) both melanin and carotene. d) keratin. e) melanocytes.

Answer: a

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are a) urticaria b) contusions c) papules d) cysts e) calluses

Answer: a

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens? a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) b) Melanocytes c) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) d) Stem Cells

Answer: a

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange? a) The pigment carotene is stored there. b) The pigment hemoglobin is stored there. c) The pigment pheomelanin is stored there. d) The pigment eumelanin is stored there. e) The pigment keratin is stored there.

Answer: a

The skin is known as the _________membrane. Cutaneous Mucous Synovial Serous Subcutaneous

Answer: a

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes. a) Stratum basale b) Stratum spinosum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum lucidum e) Stratum corneum

Answer: a

Which statements describe sebaceous glands? 1. oil producing 2. merocrine 3. holocrine 4. thermoregulation 5. sebum 6. apocrine 1, 3, 5 2, 4, 6 1, 2, 4, 6 1, 2, 5 3, 5, 6

Answer: a

4) Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light? a) Keratin b) Melanin c) Melatonin d) Carotene e) Hemoglobin

Answer: b

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n) a) hypertrophic scar b) keloid scar c) granulation scar d) epidermal scar

Answer: b

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop? a) Endoderm b) Ectoderm c) Mesoderm d) Both endoderm and ectoderm.

Answer: b

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c? Papillary region of the dermis Reticular region of the dermis Subcutaneous layer Hypodermis Epidermis

Answer: b

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation? a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine sweat gland c) Apocrine sweat gland d) Ceruminous gland

Answer: b

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? 1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients. 3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints. 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin. 1, 2, 5 1, 2, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 5 3, 4, 5 1 and 5

Answer: b

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity. 1, 2, 3 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2, 4, 5 2 and 4

Answer: b

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin? a) carotene production b) melanin production c) tyrosine production d) hemoglobin production e) keratin production

Answer: b

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the a) stratum basale b) stratum spinosum c) stratum granulosum d) stratum lucidum e) stratum corneum

Answer: c

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. a) Sweat b) Cerumen c) Sebum d) Mucus

Answer: c

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is a) cyanosis b) pallor c) jaundice d) alopecia e) erythema

Answer: c

) Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the a) hypodermis. b) basement membrane. c) epidermis. d) dermis. e) subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

Answer: d

) Put the events of keratinization in order. A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix. D. Cells within this layer proliferate a) d,b,c,a b) a,b,d,c c) b,d,a,c d) d,b,a,c

Answer: d

67) Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury? a) abrasion b) blister c) keloid d) laceration e) cyst

Answer: d

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints? a) callus b) blister c) wart d) corn e) cyst

Answer: d

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting? a) hemangioma b) keratosis c) hives d) eczema

Answer: d

How do nutrients reach the epidermis? a) absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin. b) utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis. c) the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. d) diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

Answer: d

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

Answer: d

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults? a) hirsutism b) pallor c) jaundice d) male-pattern baldness e) erythema

Answer: d

Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. 4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses. a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 1 and 4 c) 2, 3, 4 d) 1 and 2 e) 3 and 4

Answer: d

Question type: Multiple Choice 1) The subcutaneous layer is also known as the a) dermis b) epidermis c) stratum corneum d) stratum basale e) hypodermis

Answer: e

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. a) basale, spinosum, granulosom, corneum b) granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale d) corneum, granulosom, spinosum, basale e) corneum, granulosom, lucidum, spinosum, basale

answer c