biology--chapter 3 organelle terms

centrioles

organelles involved in cell division, they help organize the chromosomes before cell division so that each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes after the cell divides, and centrioles are found only in animal cells and are located near the nucleus

rough ER

contains ribosomes, and is the site of protein synthesis

chloroplast

convert solar energy to chemical energy, and use solar energy to combine water and carbon dioxide to make sugar (photosynthesis), they are equivalent to the mitochondria in animal cells

smooth ER

does not contain ribosomes, but produces lipids

vacuole

fluid-filled sacs that hold materials, food molecules, inorganic ions, enzymes, and the central vacuole in plants stores water in plants and other products.

cell/plasma membrane

forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment, and they control the passage of materials into and out of the cell, and they are composed of two phospholipid layers

mitochondria

have their own DNA and ribosomes, supply energy to the cell, and release energy from glucose, then store the energy in ATP molecules (cellular respiration)

ribosome

link amino acids to form proteins, they are made of protein and RNA, they are bounded to the ER or free floating in the cytoplasm

vesicle

membrane-bound sacs that hold materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transports these materials from place to place within the cell, and after a protein has been made, part of the ER pinches off to form a vesicle surrounding the protein

golgi apparatus

modifies, packages, and transports proteins within the cell, and it is located after the endoplasmic reticulum

cytoskeleton

protein fibers and tubules that assist in movement, structure, and anchoring

nucleus

several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins and it stores genetic information