Biology Chapter 3: Section 3-2 Review: Carbon Compounds
*Monomer*
A monomer is a simple molecule that can bond to others of its kind to form more complex molecules.
Give an example of how a functional group can affect the properties of an organic compound.
The hydroxyl group on alcohols is polar, and this makes alcohols polar compounds. Alcohols can, therefore, form hydrogen bonds
Organic compounds contain...
*a.*...carbon and usually other elements.
The breakdown of a polymer involves...
*a.*...hydrolysis.
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a...
*b.*...double bond.
The number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other atoms is...
*c.*...4.
ATP releases energy when...
*d.*...a phosphate group is removed from it.
*Polymer*
A polymer is a complex molecule that consists of repeated, linked units.
*Alcohol*
An alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl group attached to one of its carbon atoms.
*Organic Compound*
An organic compound is a compound that is derived from living things and contains carbon.
Arrange the following in order of size, from smallest to largest: *polymer, monomer, carbon atom, macromolecule*.
Carbon atom, monomer, polymer, macromolecule
Is the forward reaction a condensation reaction or hydrolysis?
Condensation
*Functional Group*
Functional groups is a structural building block that determines the characteristics of a chemical compound.
Is the reverse reaction a condensation reaction or hydrolysis?
Hydrolysis
What are the reactants and products of the forward (left-to-right) reaction?
Reactant: Glucose and Fructose Products: Sucrose and Water
What are the reactants and products of the reverse (right-to-left) reaction?
Reactants: Sucrose and Water Products: Glucose and Fructose
Explain how a water molecule is produced when glucose and fructose undergo a condensation reaction.
The glucose molecule releases a hydroxide ion, OH- and the fructose molecule releases a hydrogen ion, H+. These two ions combine to produce water, H2O
What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP? What else is released during this reaction?
The hydrolysis products are ADP and inorganic phosphate. Energy is released.
How would the variety of organic compounds be different if carbon had seven electrons in its outermost energy level instead of four?
With seven electrons in its outermost energy level, carbon could not form double or triple bonds with other atoms, so far fewer organic compounds could be formed.
