Biology Chapter 3 Test (CK-12)
endoplasmic reticulum
helps make and transport proteins and lipids
cytoskeleton
helps the cell maintain its shape and holds cell organelles in place with the cytoplasm
During diffusion, substances move from an area of ____ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.
higher; lower
The cell theory states that
all organisms are made of one or more cells, all cells come from already existing cells, and all the life functions of organisms occur within cells
The spikes on pollen grains probably
allow the pollen grains to stick to insects
Sodium-Potassium Pump
an active transport protein
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
are a type of active vesicle transport that moves molecules into or out of the cell
A _____ is a typical prokaryotic cell
bacteria
The plasma membrane forms a ________ between the inside and outside of the cell
boundary
A _________ protein changes shape as it carries ions or molecules across the membrane
carrier
All organisms are made up of one or more ______
cell
Cell size is limited by the
cell's ability to get rid of waste
Leeuwenhoek discovered _____ by looking at plaque from his own teeth
cells/bacteria
The material inside the plasma membrane of a cell
cytoplasm
The _________ is essentially a 'skeleton' inside the cell
cytoskeleton
endosymbiotic theory
describes the formation of eukaryotic cells
Types of passive transport include
diffusion, osmosis, and faciliated diffusion
_________ is the type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell
endocytosis
ATP
energy-carrying molecule
A cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles
eukaryote
________ cells are usually larger than prokaryote cells
eukaryote
Organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other organelles
eukaryotic cell
A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
True or False; Animal cells have chloroplast, organelles that capture light energy from the sun and use it to make food
false
True or False; Compared to Eukaryote cells, prokaryote cells are very complex
false
True or False; DNA is located in the nucleus of Prokaryote cells
false
True or False; Most cells are about the size of the period at the end of this sentence.
false
True or False; Plant cells have special structures that are not found in animal cells, including a cell membrane, a large central vacuole, and plastids
false
True or False; Prokaryote cells have a nucleus
false
True or False; Roundworms have organ system level organization, in which groups of organs work together to do a specific job
false
True or False; The cytoplasm essentially acts as a skeleton inside the cell
false
True or False; The flagella on your lung cells sweep foreign particles and mucus towards the mouth and nose
false
True or False; The plasma membrane is a single phospholipid layer that supports and protects a cell and controls what enters and leaves it
false
True or False; The water hating hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid bilayer face the outside of the cell membrane
false
True or False; Viruses are considered living organisms
false
True or False; Viruses are similar to prokaryote cells
false
True or False; all organisms are made of more than one cell
false
A channel protein
forms tiny holes in the membrane
A cells shape is generally related to the cells _________
function
centriole
help organize the chromosomes before cell divsion
Osmosis
is the diffusion of water
vacuole
larger of the sac-like organelles that store and transport materials in the cell
cell wall
layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of the cell
During active transport, a substance is moving from an area of _______ concentration to an area of _____ concentration
lower to higher
Organelles in Prokaryotic cells includes
none
An organelle inside eukaryotic cells where DNA is located
nucleus
In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is found in the __________
nucleus
The _____ is often considered to be the cell's control center
nucleus
Human beings have ________ level organization, in which groups of organs work together to do a certain job
organ
A structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is enclosed within a membrane and preforms a specific job
organelle
golgi appuratus
organelle that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell
The plasma membrane is a bilayer of _____________ that surrounds a cell
phospholipids
The plasma membrane contains
phospholipids, cholesteral molecules, many proteins
_______ cells have a cell wall, large central vacuole, and chloroplasts
plant
Controlling what enters and leaves the cell is an important job of the
plasma membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer that surrounds and encloses a cell
plasma membrane
All cells have the following;
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Mitochondria are sometimes referred to as the ______ of the cell
powerhouse
A single celled organism that lacks a nucleus
prokaryote
________ cells are without a nucleus
prokaryote
A cell without a nucleus
prokaryotic cell
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps make and transport _________ and lipids
proteins
The sodium-potassium ____ is involved in the active transport of ions
pump
Organelle where proteins are made
ribosome
Proteins are made on the __________
ribosomes
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with _______
ribosomes
All cells have certain parts in common, including a plasma membrane, ___________, ____________, and DNA
ribosomes and cytoplasm
What is the meaning of semipermeability?
semipermeability means that only some things are able to pass through the membrane
vesicle
stores and transports protein and lipid molecules
central vacuole
stores substances such as water, enzymes, and salts in plant cells
phospholipid bilayer
the arrangment of phospholipids in the plasma membrane
Which organelle ensures that after cell divison each daughter cell has the correct number of chromosomes?
the centriole
Osmosis
the diffusion of water
The power plant of the cell is
the mitochondria
What is true about the nucleus?
the nucleus is considered the control center of the cell
Which structure determines what molecules can enter and exit the cell?
the plasma membrane
What is the plasma membrane?
the plasma membrane is a layer that protects the cells from the outside enviornment
Which organelle may have allowed early eukaryotes to make food and produce oxygen?
the plastids
Having tissues that digest food, such as the jellyfish, is an example of
tissue-level organization
True or False; ATP is found in the mitochondria
true
True or False; All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
true
True or False; Centrioles help organize chromosomes before cell division
true
True or False; Early microscopes created by Leeuwenhoek were almost as strong as modern light microscopes
true
True or False; For cells, a smaller size is more efficient
true
True or False; In cell-level organization, different cells are specialized for different functions
true
True or False; Many of the biochemcial reactions of the cell occur in the cytoplasm
true
True or False; Mitochondria contains its own DNA
true
True or False; Observation of cork helped the discovery of cells
true
True or False; Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions than prokarytoic cells
true
True or False; Organelles are located within the cytoplasm
true
True or False; Proteins are made on ribosomes
true
True or False; Ribosomes can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
true
True or False; The plasma membrane forms the physical boundary between the cell and its enviornment
true
True or False; small hydrophobic molecules can easily pass through the plasma membrane
true
True or False; the cytoskeleton is made form thread like filaments and tubules
true
What is one main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A prokaryotic cell doesn't have a nucleus but a eukaryotic one does
Energy for active transport is supplied by molecules of ______
ATP
How is active and passive transport similar and how is it different?
Active and passive transport is similar because they both move molecules. Active requires energy and moves it from low to high concentration, while passive moves things from high to low concentration without extra energy
What is an Organelle? Give 3 examples.
An organelle is a structure within a cell that performs a specific job. Examples are : mitochondria, ribosomes, and Golgi.
Discovered Human blood cells
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.
Bacteria
What are the two types of transport proteins? Describe how they function.
Channel and Carrier proteins are the two types of proteins. Channel proteins form tiny holes in the membrane and carrier proteins bond with specific ions.
Centrioles help make sure each daughter cell has the correct number of ________ after the cell divides.
Chromosomes
What are cilia and flagella?
Cilia and Flagella are extensions of the plasma membrane. Their job is to help the organisms move and transport.
_____ refers to the number of particles of a substance per unit of volume
Concentration
The _____ consists of everything inside the plasma membrane of a cell
Cytoplasm
____ is the genetic instructions that cells need to make proteins
DNA
Facilliated Diffusion
Diffusion with the help of transport proteins
Lysosomes use ______ to break down foreign matter and dead cells
Enzymes
Compare and contrast eukaryotic cells with prokaryotic cells, Include 5 examples.
Eukaryote cells are cells with a nucleus while prokaryote are cells without a nucleus. Eu cells also have many organelles that pro cells do not. Both have DNA and both make up living things. Pro cells tend to be much smaller then eu cells.
What is a main difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion requires energy and regular diffusion does not
True or false; Diffusion is the osmosis of water
False
True or false; Endocytosis removes large molecules from the cell
False
True or false; Faciliated diffusion does not require any help from other molecules
False
True or false; In diffusion, substances move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
False
True or false; Ions can easily flow through carrier protein
False
True or false; Passive transport needs energy
False
True or false; the sodium-potassium pump is a type of channel protein
False
Cilia and _____ are extensions of the plasma membrane in many cells.
Flagella
By moving substances in and out of cells, _______, the process of keeping stable conditions inside a cell, is maintained.
Homeostasis
Channel Protein
Membrane protein that forms a small hole that allows ions to pass through
Explain why passive transport doesn't require energy.
No energy is needed because the molecules are moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration which is the natural flow
How is water transported across the membrane?
Osmosis
______ is the diffusiion of water
Osmosis
______ transport is movement across the plasma membrane that does not require an input of energy
Passive
Moving molecules in and out of a cell is an important role of the ___________.
Plasma membrane
The first person to use the word "cell"
Robert Hooke
mitochondria
"power plant" of the cell
The first microscopes were made around
1665
Which of the following needs energy? 1. passive transport 2. active transport 3. exocytosis 4. osmosis
2 and 3
Describe how simple diffusion proceeds. What kind of molecules can move across the membrane by simple diffusion?
Simple diffusion just moves molecules from high to low concentration. Small hydrophobic molecules move across the membrane by simple diffusion.
What are some of the "other" molecules in the plasma membrane?
Some of the "other" molecules in the plasma membrane are lipids and proteins. They help the plasma membrane keep its shape.
Transport Proteins
Special proteins in the membrane that aid diffusion
Transport Protein
Special proteins that aid diffusion
Diffusion
The movement of a substance accross a membrane without any help from other molecules
Describe the Nucleus. What is found within the nucleus?
The nucleus is the center of a eukaryotic cell. It contains DNA.
Discuss why the plasma membrane must be a bilayer.
The plasma membrane is made of phospholipids and has two tails. One is water hating and one is water loving. The water hating must be facing inside which means this must be a bilayer.
Vesicle Transport
The transport of very large molecules, such as proteins
Faciliated diffusion needs the help of ________ proteins
Transport
Active Transport
Transport across a membrane in which energy is required
Passive Transport
Transport across a membrane without any additional energy requirement
True or false; Active transport needs energy
True
True or false; Carrier proteins change shape when they transport substances
True
True or false; Channel proteins form small "holes" in the plasma membrane
True
True or false; Diffusion does not require any help from other molecules
True
True or false; The plasma membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell
True
True or false; Transport of substances across the cell membrane helps maintain homeostasis by keeping the cells conditions within normal ranges
True
True or false; channel proteins and carrier proteins are both transport proteins
True
True or false; endocytosis and exocytosis are types of vesicle transport
True
The sodium-potassium pump
Uses energy to move sodium out of the cell and pump potassium into it
Exocytosis is the type of ________ transport that moves substances out of a cell
Vesicle
Are viruses alive? Discuss why or why not.
Viruses are not alive because they cannot reproduce on their own
Structures specific in plant cells but not in animal cells include
a large central vacuole
Robert Hooke was the first person to observe cells. He observed these cells in
a piece of cork
Exocytosis
type of vesicle transport that move a substance out of the cell
Endocytosis
type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into a cell
Tiny, nonliving particles, that may cause a disease
virus
______ contain DNA, but do not contain cytoplasm or ribosomes
viruses