Biology Chapter 32.1 Notes

Below the dermis layer is the ____. What is this layer made of? What does it store to help the body retain heat?

subcutaneous layer; connective tissue; fat

How does the integumentary system regulate temperature?

sweat evaporates & absorbs body heat to cool the body; goosebumps are caused by muscle cell contractions that trap air & insulate warmth

The outer layers of epidermal cells contain keratin. What does it do?

waterproofs & protects the cells and tissues that lie underneath.

When the injury is deep, what may be injured that will result in bleeding? What will rid any bacteria that might have entered the wound?

blood vessels; Infection-fighting white blood cells

What does the dermis consist of?

connective tissue, nerve cells, muscle fibers, sweat glands, oil glands, & hair follicles.

The inner layers of the epidermis contain cells that are

continually dividing by mitosis to replace cells that are lost or die.

Skin is a multilayered organ that

covers & protects the body.

What is classified as a 1st degree burn?

damage: cells in the epidermis; effects: redness swelling, mild pain

What is classified as a 3rd degree burn?

damage: epidermis & dermis die, nerve, muscle cells involved; effects: skin function lost, nerve damage (painless), skin graphs

What is classified as a 2nd degree burn?

damage: epidermis deeper layer; effects: blisters, pain, peeling

Directly beneath the epidermis is the

dermis

The outer superficial layer of skin is the

epidermis.

Hair cells grow out of narrow cavities in the dermis called

hair follicles.

Skin has remarkable abilities to repair itself. Without this, what would the body would be subject to?

invasion by microbes through breaks in the skin.

What do hair & nails contain? Where do they develop from?

keratin; epithelial cells

Hair follicles usually have sebaceous glands associated with them. What do they do?

lubricate skin & hair

Some cells in the inner layer of the epidermis provide protection from harmful ultraviolet radiation by making a pigment called

melanin

How does the integumentary system protect & sense things?

prevents the entry of micro-organisms & prevents water loss; pain, pressure, & temperature changes

What Vitamin does the integumentary system produce? What does this vitamin do?

D; increase the absorption of calcium into the bloodstream & essential for proper bone formation

What are burn caused by? What are they classified into?

Sun, heat, or chemicals; 1st, 2nd, & 3rd-degree burns (severity)

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Temperature regulation; Vitamin production; Protection & senses

What is skin cancer is triggered by? What can it damage? There are two main categories of skin cancer known as...

UV radiation; DNA in skin cells, causing those cells to grow & divide uncontrollably; melanoma & nonmelanoma.