Biology Chapter 4

What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only some cells have chloroplasts.

Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell?

Mitochondrion

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole?

Storing compounds produced by the cell

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.; found only in plant cells, not animal cells

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? (In both plant and animal cells)

nucleus

The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______.

phospholipids and most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane

Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells?

pili

Ribsomes

works with mRNA to synthesize proteins

Which three statements may correctly explain why the population size increases after time point C?

1. The few drug-resistant bacteria in the population reproduced, quickly leading to a large drug- resistant population. 2. Between time points C and D, drug-resistant bacteria were reproducing faster than non-drug resistant bacteria were dying. 3. Bacteria that acquired a mutation that conferred drug- resistance had a growth advantage over non-resistant bacteria.

In the projected video showing the growth of bacteria, why did the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics?

A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present.

A. Manufacture B. Transport C. Processing D. Transport E. Secretion

A. Rough ER manufactures vesicles A. Vesicles from ER transport enzymes and other proteins C. Golgi apparatus receives proteins, processes proteins, then dispatches them D. Vesicle from Golgi apparatus transports processed proteins E. Plasma Membrane secretes protein

Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection?

Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced.

Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria?

Chloroplasts have their own DNA.

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

More than 100 years ago, microbiologist Paul Ehrlich talked about his concept of the ideal antibiotic as a "magic bullet" that could kill harmful bacteria but have minimal side effects for the infected person. How do antibiotics accomplish this goal?

by targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells

In the video, what does the UK's Chief Medical Officer suggest for promoting the development of new antibiotics?

encouraging big pharmaceutical companies to start investing again in new drug research and development

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that __________.

eukaryotic cells have organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

The plant cell wall

is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils.

Tay-Sachs disease results from ______ lacking a specific type of lipid-digesting enzyme.

lysosomes Submit

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles using digestive enzymes?

lysosomes; found in Animal cells, not most plant

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to ribosomes into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because __________.

many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane

Which of these distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?

plant cells have a cell wall (and chloroplasts and central vacuole)

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes; rough ER also found in both plant and animal cells

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

vacuole ... storage

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

Which of the following correctly describes what the video referred to as a "microbial cure"?

Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person.

A particular antibiotic kills 99% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic?

Over time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria.

What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps?

The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria.

The figure below shows a Paramecium, a single-celled freshwater protist. The hairlike structures visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are ______.

cilia

Plant and Animals cells both have

cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, endoplasmic rectilculum, golgi apparatus, nucleus, ribosomes, and mitocondria

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Besides the nucleus, which organelles contain their own DNA and ribosomes?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Which of the following contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance?

taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor

Examine the structures of the plant and animal cells below. Which of the following organelles connect(s) to the nuclear envelope?

the endoplasmic reticulum