Biology Chapter 4
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
cilia
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell?
cytoskeleton
Which is/are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?
diffusion time, surface area-to-volume ratio, and shape
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. When the synthesis of the protein is complete, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found?
embedded in the plasma membrane, functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
Which correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
Which of these is the simplest unit of life?
Cell
Which statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.
Golgi apparatus
Which of these is a false statement?
Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space.
Microtubules and microfilaments commonly work with what to perform many of their functions?
None of the listed responses is correct.
Which is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria?
None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
Which is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?
The first three answers are correct.
Which statement correctly describes characteristic shared by plant cell walls and an animal cell extracellular matrices?
The first two answers are correct.
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.
a plasmodesma
In addition to the fundamental structures required to be defined as a cell, which cell type(s) also has/have a nucleus and chloroplasts?
a protist cell and a plant cell
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to __________.
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
Which structure is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
centrioles
Which is/are most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion?
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Which structures will not necessarily increase in abundance in pancreatic cells that begin to secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to have started as prokaryotes. One piece of supports for this hypothesis is these organelles prokaryotic-type ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found __________.
in bacterial cells
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus
Which category best fits the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
manufacturing
Which structure is found in eukaryotic, but not prokaryotic, cells?
mitochondria
Which of these membranes are likely to have a lipid composition that is most distinct from the others?
mitochondrial outer membrane
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with what?
motor proteins
Which type of cell will have have the most mitochondria?
muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria __________.
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
Which organelle might be found inside other organelles?
ribosomes
Which feature do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
Which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?
ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to ___________.
secrete a lot of protein
Cell fractionation __________.
separates cells into their smallest component parts
A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?
the nucleus
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.
the plasma membrane
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.
lack membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should be chosen and why?
light microscope, because the specimen is alive
