BIOLOGY Chapter 5 - questions

Look at Figure 10-6. Which diagram shows cancer cells? How do you know?

A, because there is an unorganized mass of cells (they aren't growing in an organized way, forming a tumor).

What is a tumor?

a mass of cancer cells

All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT a. DNA overload b. excess oxygen c. obtaining enough food d. expelling wastes

b. excess oxygen

Which of the following is a phase of mitosis? a. cytokinesis b. interphase c. prophase d. S phase

c. prophase

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

cell division

The two main stages of cell division are called

cytokinesis and mitosis

After the steps shown in Figure 10-4 are arranged in the correct order, what would a diagram of the next step show?

cytokinesis- when the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits into 2 daughter cells

When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

only during cell division

The first phase of mitosis is called

prophase

An imaginary cubic cell with a side length of 10mm would have a ratio of surface area to volume of "6:10".

true

As a cell's size increases, it places more demand on its "DNA".

true

Normal cells "stop growing" when they come into contact with other cells.

true

Proteins called "cyclins" help regulate the cell cycle.

true

The structure shown in figure 10-2 is a "replicated chromosome".

true

Cancer cells form masses of cells called

tumors

The rate at which wastes are produced by a cell depends on the cell's

volume

If the surface area of a cell increases 100 times, its volume increases

1000 times

What is the chromosome number of the cell shown in Figure 10-4?

4

One difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells is that plant cells have

a cell plate

Which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from growing? a. contact with other cells b. growth factors c. a cut in the skin d. cyclin that has been taken from a cell in mitosis

a. contact with other cells

Which of the following is an internal regulator of the cell cycle? a. cyclins b. growth factors c. the mitotic spindle d. cancer cells

a. cyclins

The cell cycle is the a. series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide b. period of time between the birth and the death of a cell c. time from prophase until cytokinesis d. time it takes for one cell to undergo mitosis

a. series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Which event occurs during interphase? a. the cell grows b. centrioles appear c. spindle fibers begin to form d. centromeres divide

a. the cell grows

Most of a cell's growth takes place during the "G2" phase of the cell cycle.

false, G1

If a normal cell divides, you can assume that

it has grown to its full size

What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?

it helps separate the chromosomes

During which phase(s) of mitosis are structures like the one shown in figure 10-2 visible?

prophase and metaphase

The structures labeled B in figure 10-2 are called

sister chromatids

A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to a. divide regularly b. stop dividing c. accumulate chromosomal damage d. combat tumors

c. accumulate chromosomal damage

As a cell grows, it a. places more demands on DNA b. uses up food and oxygen more quickly c. has more trouble moving enough materials across its cell membrane d. all of the above

d. all of the above

What happens when cells come into contact with other cells?

they stop growing

"Cancer" is a disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth and division.

true

A cell splits into two daughter cells during "telophase".

true

A cell's chromosomes are replicated during "interphase".

true

How might the cancer cells shown in Figure 10-6 be prevented from doing more harm to the organism they are a part of?

If these cells were removed from the organism with cancer treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy, they couldn't produce more cancerous cells or spread throughout the body.

What does figure 10-4 represent? How do you know if this is an animal cell or a plant cell?

Figure 10-4 represents mitosis, showing prophase (d), metaphase (a), anaphase (c), and telophase (b). I know this is an animal cell because it contains centrioles, it is round, and it doesn't have a cell plate.

Explain how cancer cells are different from normal cells. Then, relate these characteristics to the diagram in Figure 10-6 that shows cancer cells.

Cancer cells don't respond to the signals that regulate growth in normal cells, so they often divide before the chromosomes are duplicated, causing them to lose genetic material. This unregulated growth can lead to uncontrollable masses of cancer cells, which is what is shown in diagram A of Figure 10-6.

Explain the role that p53 might have had in the growth and division of the cells shown in each diagram in Figure 10-6.

Cells in diagram B have normal p53 genes, which prevent the division of cells until the chromosomes have been replicated. The cancerous cells in diagram A have a defective p53 gene, causing them to divide uncontrollably.

Cell division represented in Figure 10-1 by the letter

D

List the correct order for the diagrams in Figure 10-4.

D, A, C, B

When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?

S phase

Look at the cancer cells shown in Figure 10-6. What can happen if these cells are left untreated?

The cancer cells might break off and spread throughout the organism, causing serious medical conditions or death.

If a cell's DNA were not copied before cell division, the cell could a. have a DNA overload b. become cancerous c. fail to exchange materials d. divide

a. have a DNA overload

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence? a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase b. interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase c. interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase d. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that a. regulate the cell cycle b. produce p53 c. cause cancer d. work to heal wounds

a. regulate the cell cycle

As a cell becomes larger, its a. volume increases faster than its surface area b. surface area increases faster than its volume c. volume increases, but its surface area stays the same d. surface area stays the same, but its volume increases

a. volume increases faster than its surface area

Which pair is correct? a. G1 phase, DNA replication b. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis c. S phase, cell division d. M phase, cell growth

b. G2 phase, preparation for mitosis

Which of the following is NOT a way that cell division solves the problems of cell growth? a. cell division provides each daughter cell with its own copy of DNA b. cell division increases the mass of the original cell c. cell division increases the surface area of the original cell d. cell division reduces the original cell's volume

b. cell division increases the mass of the original cell

Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble a. dividing b. producing daughter cells c. moving needed materials in and waste products out d. making copies of their DNA

c. moving needed materials in and waste products out

Cancer affects a. humans only b. most unicellular organisms c. multicellular organisms d. unicellular organisms

c. multicellular organisms

The structure labeled A in figure 10-2 is called the

centromere

Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?

contact with other cells stops cell growth

In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by

cyclins

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show? a. when cells come into contact with other cells, they stop growing b. the controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off c. cell division can be regulated by factors outside the cell d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following is a phase in the cell cycle? a. G1 phase b. G2 phase c. M phase d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following regulate(s) the cell cycle? a. growth factors b. cyclins c. p53 d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Which of the following happens when a cell divides? a. the cell's volume increases b. it becomes more difficult for the cell to get enough oxygen and nutrients c. the cell has DNA overload d. each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA

d. each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell's DNA

Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle? a. little happens during the G1 and G2 phases b. DNA replicates during cytokinesis c. the M phase is usually the longest phase d. interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases

d. interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle? a. interphase is usually the longest phase b. DNA replicates during the S phase c. cell division ends with cytokinesis d. the cell grows during the G2 phase

d. the cell grows during the G2 phase

When cytoplasm from a cell that is undergoing mitosis is injected into a cell that is in interphase, the second cell

enters mitosis

If it takes a cell one hour to undergo mitosis, about "50 minutes" of the time would be spent in prophase.

false, 30-36 minutes

As a cell's size increases, its ratio of surface area to volume "increases".

false, decreases

Cell division solves the problem of cell growth by "increasing" cell volume.

false, decreasing

The "smaller" a cell is, the more difficult it is for the cell to move enough materials across its cell membrane.

false, larger

Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is "metaphase".

false, prophase

Lack of control over "mitosis" is the cause of all cancers.

false, the cell cycle

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing

four chromosomes

Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their

growth rate

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

metaphase

Identify the structures labeled X and Y in figure 10-4.

x- centrioles y- spindle fibers