Biology Chapter 5 Test

Which of the following represents the relative positions of these four genes on the chromosome?

CABD

The fertilization of ovules from plant Q by pollen from plant R results in the production of seeds. What percent of the genes in each offspring's chloroplasts will have been inherited from plant R?

0%

Which of the following is the mean number per cross of generation 2 offspring that are the result of crossing over?

2.2

the probability that an individual III-5 will develop Friedrich's ataxia is closest to which of the following?

25%

A researcher hypothesizes that in mice, two autosomal dominant traits, trait Q and trait R, are determined by separate genes found on the same chromosome. The researcher crosses mice that are heterozygous for both traits and counts the number of offspring with each combination of phenotypes. The total number of offspring produced was 64. The researcher plans to do a chi-square analysis of the data and calculates the expected number of mice with each combination of phenotypes. Which of the following is the expected number of offspring that will display both trait Q and trait R

36

A scientist is investigating the possibility that two traits in a particular plant are determined by genes that are on the same chromosome. The scientist crossed a plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The heterozygous offspring in the first generation were then crossed with a plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits. The results are expected if the genes independently assort and the observed results are presented in the table.

7.81

Which of the following is the mean number of male offspring produced by the three crosses?

9

Based on the inheritance pattern shown in Figure 1, which of the following best predicts the nature of the original mutation?

A recessive mutation on a somatic chromosome

An African violet grower observes that genetically identical African violet plants growing near the walls of the greenhouse have white flowers, that plants growing farther away from the walls have pale blue flowers, and that plants growing nearest the center of the greenhouse have dark blue flowers. Which of the following best explains the differences in flower color of the African violets in the greenhouse?

An enzyme responsible for flower color does not fold correctly in cooler temperatures, and the greenhouse is warmest in the center.

Figure 3. The modeled DNA triple helix structure that can form in areas with multiple GAA triplets. Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of Fredeich's ataxia?

Autosomal recessive

Butterflies of the genus Colias live in the Rocky Mountains, where they experience a wide range of temperatures. Different variants of a particular glycolytic enzyme in the flight muscles are optimally active at different temperatures. Within the same population, some individual butterflies fly most effectively at 29 ̊C, while others fly most effectively at 40 ̊C. Still others can be equally active at both temperatures. Which of the following claims is most consistent with the observed butterfly behavior?

Butterflies that express two variants of the enzyme are active over a greater range of temperatures

.Which of the following statements correctly describes the chromosomes in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis I?

Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Each chromosome is one of a pair of homologous chromosomes from the parent cell, with the other homologue found in the other daughter cell.

In sweet pea plants, purple flower color is dominant over red flower color and long pollen grain shape is dominant over round pollen grain shape... Which of the following statements provides the most reasonable prediction to account for the deviation from the expected results?

In sweet pea plants, the gene for flower color and the gene for pollen grain shape are genetically linked.

Australian dragon lizards have a ZW sex-determination system. The male genotype is homogametic (ZZ), and the female genotype is heterogametic (ZW). However, all eggs incubated at temperatures above 32°C tend to develop into females.

Incubation temperatures above 32°C inhibit the genes on the Z chromosome that produce proteins necessary for male development.

Scientists have found that DNA methylation suppresses crossing-over in the fungus Ascobolus immersus. Which of the following questions is most appropriately raised by this specific observation?

Is the level of genetic variation in the gametes related to the amount of DNA methylation observed?

If the normal spermatogenesis is disrupted, the gametes can have different chromosomes than expected. Which of the following is the most likely cause of one of the four gametes having two XX chromosomes and one having neither an XX nor a YY chromosome?

Nondisjunction of the XX chromosome during meiosis II

Which of the following best describes the genotype of the individual identified with an asterisk in the pedigree in figure one

One dominant alas two allele and one recessive alas two allele

The critical value for a chi-square test with a significance level of P = 0.05 and 2 degrees of freedom is 5.99. Which of the following statements best completes the student's chi-square goodness of fit test?

The calculated chi-square value is 1.53, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.

0In fruit flies, purple eyes and ebony body are traits that display autosomal recessive patterns of inheritance. In a genetics experiment, students cross wild-type flies with flies that have purple eyes and ebony bodies. The students observe that all the flies in the F1 generation have normal eyes and a normal body color. The students then allow the F1 flies to mate and produce an F2 generation. The students record observations about the flies in the F2 generation and use the data to perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for a model of independent assortment. The setup for the students' chi-square goodness-of-fit test is presented in Table 1. The students choose a significance level of p = 0.01. Which of the following statements best completes the next step of the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

The calculated chi-square value is 10.48, and the critical value is 11.35

The researchers choose a significance level of p=0.05. Which of the following best completes the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

The calculated chi-square value is 9.24, and the critical value is 7.82. The null hypothesis of independent assortment can be rejected.

(Diagram above showing an XXY for the 23 chromosome pair) The diagram above depicts a karyotype of an individual human. Which of the following statements concerning the karyotype in the diagram is true?

The diagram illustrates the results of nondisjunction during gamete formation.

In pea plants, flower color and the length of the flower's pollen grains are genetically determined. Researchers studying pea plants crossed homozygous dominant pea plants with homozygous recessive pea plants. The first generation plants were then crossed, and the number of offspring with each phenotype was recorded. The researchers' observed data, however, differed from the expected data. The researchers did a chi-square analysis and calculated the chi-square value to be 5.5

The differences between observed data and expected data are due to chance.

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that the difference in leaf color is genetically controlled?

The existence of yellow-leaved seedlings as well as green-leaved ones on day 14 in dish B

Which of the following best describes the likely mode of inheritance for the eye-color gene?

The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios

Antibiotics can be used to kill the specific pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that causes tuberculosis. The appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains has made it more difficult to cure M. tuberculosis infections. These antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive and pass on the genes to their offspring, making the resistant phenotype more common in the population. DNA analysis indicates that the genes for antibiotic resistance are not normally present in bacterial chromosomal DNA. Which of the following statements best explains how thegenes for antibiotic resistance can be transmitted between bacteria without the exchange of bacterial chromosomal DNA?

The genes for antibiotic resistance are located on a plasmid that can be passed to neighboring bacteria.

Red-green color blindness in humans is caused by a recessive allele located on the X chromosome. Figure 1 shows the potential offspring of a female who is red-green color-blind and a male with full-color vision. All of the possible male offspring would be color blind and all of the possible female offspring would have full-color vision. If during the production of male gametes an error in meiosis occurred, sperm containing both an X and a Y chromosome could be produced. How would the extra chromosome affect the male offspring produced by the gamete?

The male offspring would have full-color vision, because of the presence of the extra X chromosome.

The students calculate a chi-squared value of 92.86 and compare it with a critical value of 7.82. Which of the following best completes the chi-square goodness of fit test?

The null hypothesis can be rejected, and the students should conclude that the data may have resulted from genetic linkage.

The researchers calculate a chi-square value of 4.6 and choose a significance level of p=0.05. Which of the following statements best completes the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

The null hypothesis cannot be rejected because the chi-square value is less than the critical value.

Which of the following best explains the cause of the phenotype variation observed in the butterflies?

There was differential gene expression of wing color and body size in response to the colors of light the caterpillars were exposed to

A genetic counselor is consulted by a young man who is worried about developing Huntington's disease, an inherited disorder caused by a dominant allele of a single gene. The young man explains that his cousin was recently diagnosed with Huntington's disease, and the news has caused him to consider his own risk of developing the disorder. Which of the following questions will best help the genetic counselor to evaluate the risk of the young man developing Huntington's disease and transmitting it to his children?

Were your parents or grandparents ever diagnosed with Huntington's disease

The pedigree suggest that the gene is on a nuclear chromosome, and not on a mitochondrial DNA, because

maternal mitochondrial mutations are inherited by all of a mother's offspring

These cells are the result of nondisjunction during which of the following phases

meiosis 1

The student calculates a chi-square value of 0.36. Which of the following statements best completes the student's chi-square goodness-of-fit test?

the critical value is 3.84, and the student cannot reject the null hypothesis.