Biology Chapter 6 Module

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________. ANSWER mitochondria and chloroplasts chloroplasts and the plant cell vacuole the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria mitochondria and ribosomes There is no correct answer because the endosymbiotic theory is no longer supported.

mitochondria and chloroplasts

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________. ANSWER a middle lamella collagen proteoglycans fibronectin integrins

A middle lamella

Which of the following is false in respect to cells' chromosomes? ANSWER Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide. Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. Chromosomes exist even when cells are not actively synthesizing proteins.

Chromosomes are only visible as a cell is about to divide.

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components? ANSWER Cilia Nucleus Mitochondria The central vacuole Golgi apparatus

Cilia

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? ANSWER Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? ANSWER Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization. Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot. Eukaryotic cells are much more successful than prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells lack many of the organelles found in prokaryotes. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, which allows for specialization.

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? ANSWER Motor proteins Actin Pseudopodia Mitochondria Tubulin

Motor proteins

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water. ANSWER Peroxisomes Lysosomes Ribosomes Centrosomes

Peroxisomes

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? ANSWER Ribosomes Mitochondrion Nuclear envelope Chloroplast ER

Ribosomes

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? ANSWER Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome, vacuole, and ribosomes Vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and vacuole Rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, and vacuole

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? ANSWER Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores. The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER. The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? ANSWER The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________. ANSWER central vacuole food vacuole contractile vacuole lysosome plastid

central vacuole

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________. ANSWER centrosomes; centrioles centrioles; centrosomes centromeres; centrioles nucleosomes; centrioles centrosomes; nucleosomes

centrosomes; centrioles

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________. ANSWER have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm lack chromosomes have a smaller nucleus lack a plasma membrane have no ribosomes

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________. ANSWER human skin cell prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cell plant cell fungal cell

human skin cel

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________. ANSWER in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ribosomes of the mitochondria on free cytoplasmic ribosomes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the plasma membrane

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________. ANSWER in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus externally to the plasma membrane in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the Golgi apparatus in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________. ANSWER is the cytoskeleton are microtubules are microfilaments are intermediate filaments are centrioles

is the cytoskeleton

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________. ANSWER muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and flagella motion muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cilia motion muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and centriole function flagella motion, cilia motion, and centriole function

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________. ANSWER nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, and ribosomes

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________. ANSWER nucleoid nucleus nucleolus nucleosome capsule

nucleoid

Cells are small because __________. ANSWER of the geometric relationships between surface and volume small cells are easier to back together smaller objects have a smaller ratio of surface to volume area is proportional to a dimension cubed (X3), whereas volume is proportional to a dimension squared (X2) None of the listed responses is correct.

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________. ANSWER plasmodesmata a tight junction a microtubule a cell wall a gap junction

plasmodesmata

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________. ANSWER plasmodesmata; gap junctions tight junctions; gap junctions desmosomes; plasmodesmata plasmodesmata; tight junctions gap junctions; plasmodesmata

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________. ANSWER secrete a lot of protein make a lot of ATP move rapidly absorb nutrients in the GI tract store large quantities of ions

secrete a lot of protein

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________. ANSWER that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes that the ancestral prokaryote had two outer membranes, which became the double membranes of the mitochondria and chloroplasts that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of circular DNA molecules associated with their membranes that mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and reproduce within a cell that mitochondria and chloroplasts are somewhat independent within a cell

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________. ANSWER the plasma membrane a microtubule the endomembrane system a ribosome the nucleus

the plasma membrane

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________. ANSWER to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins to synthesize lipids to detox drugs and alcohol to synthesize sex hormones to store calcium ions

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________. ANSWER with motor proteins with "feet" to "walk" with glycosomes without ATP with the endoplasmic reticulum

with motor proteins