Biology Chapter 8

Where and why does anaerobic respiration occur? Describe the process.

Anaerobic respiration occurs outside the mitochondria. It occurs when their is a lack of water, or when a functional mitochondria is not present. It oxidizes NADH to NAD+ so that Glycolysis can go on. It does this by reducing the pyruvic acid to lactic acid or yeast.

Which cellular respiration reactions release CO2?

Every reaction except the electron transport chain. So Glycolysis, prep, kreb.

What is the role of FAD in aerobic respiration?

FAD, another coenzyme of oxidation-reduction, is sometimes used instead of NAD+. FAD accepts two electrons and two hydrogen ions (H+) to become FADH2.

What are the ATP yield per each of the fours steps of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis 2. Prep none. Krebs cycle 2. Electron transport chain 32-34.

Describe the glycolysis reaction, citing the cell location, and the three stages.

Glycolysis is the first reaction of cellular respiration. It occurs outside the mitochondria, in the cytoplasm. It is divided into three stages: the energy investment phase, the splitting of sugar phase, and the energy generation phase.

Describe the electron transport chain citing cell location and function.

High energy electrons are taken from NADH and FADH2. As electrons are passed between carriers, the energy is used to build ATP. A total of 32-34 ATP can be made via the ETC.

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

Reactants: glucose + oxygen. Products: Water + carbon dioxide + energy (ATP).

Describe the transition reaction, citing the cell location, reactants and products.

The Prep reaction converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and continues to the citric acid cycle. The reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. No ATP are generated but CO2 is given off and 2 NADH are formed.

Describe the citric acid cycle, citing cell location, reactants and products.

The citric acid cycle generates 2 ATP, high energy electrons (NADH and FADH2) and gives off more CO2. NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the electron transport chain. It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix.

How does the formula for cell respiration compare to the formula for photosynthesis?

The formula for cell respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis.

Describe the structure and function of the mitochondrion.

The mitochondria consists of an inner and outer membrane. Folds of inner membrane called the cristae contain a gel-like fluid called the matrix.

Describe the glycolysis reaction, citing the reactants and the products.

The reaction starts with one glucose and two ATP to start the reaction. Glycolysis splits glucose into 2 pyruvates and generates 2 NADH and 4 ATP (a net gain of 2 ATP).

Cite the reactants and products of the citric acid cycle.

2 acetyl Co-A(from prepatory reaction)---> 4Co2 + 6NADH+2FADH2 +2 ATP.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, it includes the mitochondria. Anaerobic respiration doesn't require oxygen, takes place in the cytoplasm.

Which cellular respiration reaction requires O2 and the function of O2 in cellular respiration.

Aerobic respiration. It fuel the electron transport chain by accepting the remainding electrons in the electron transport chain. Otherwise, respiration would stop.

What is the role of NAD+ in aerobic respiration?

NAD+ can oxidize a metabolite by accepting electrons and can reduce a metabolite by giving up electrons.