Biology Checkpoints

A cell is represented in the diagram below. The coded information that the cell uses to synthesize many different proteins is stored in structure

b

which would require the use of energy to be brought into the cell

4

student filled a dialysis tube with 97% water+ sealed the ends

99%

The equations represent two biochemical processes that occur in living organisms. The letter X represents a molecule produced from process 1. What molecule is represented by the letter X?

ATP

The diagram represents events that occur during embryonic development. Letters A through E represent structures. Between which two letters does mitosis occur?

C and D

A student used a microscope like the one represented below to observe cell division in onion cells.

C small knob

Which observation could lead to the conclusion that an object is non-living?

It cannot perform metabolic processes.

Typhoid fever, a disease that causes headaches, digestive upset, and a high fever, is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhoid. Typhoid can be spread from person to person by contaminated water or food or by a lack of cleanliness. Since the 19th century, the number of individuals infected with this disease has decreased. Which statement best explains why the number of people with this disease and other bacterial diseases has decreased over the last 100 years?

Personal habits, such as hand washing, have greatly reduced contamination from bacteria.

Two methods of moving from place to place are represented below. The single-celled amoeba moves by a process that involves the flow of cytoplasm

Single-celled organisms, like complex organisms, are able to move; however, they differ in the way they carry out this activity.

The diagram represents two solutions, A and B, separated by a selectively permeable membrane.Which statement best describes the outcome after 20 minutes?

Solution A will contain approximately the same number of glucose molecules as solution B.

What is the role of stem cells with regard to the function of adult tissues and organs?

Stem cells are determined cells that reside in fully differentiated tissues and can, when needed, differentiate to supply new cells for growth of that tissue.

The development of nerve, muscle, and skin cells is represented in the diagram below. Which statement best explains how each of the different cell types can develop from the same embryo?

The cells have identical genetic instructions, but different parts of these instructions are being expressed in each cell.

Which statement is supported by the information in the graph below? (Mountain looking)

The enzymes respond in a similar way to changes in temperature.

The concentration of potassium is higher in red blood cells than in the surrounding blood plasma.

active transport

using a microscope and a wet mount slide pond water example..The process used to remove excess water from the paramecium by the contractile vacuole is..

active transport

If the concentration of sodium is greater outside a cell than inside the cell, which process could move sodium out of the cell?

active transport using a protein pump

In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into

all of the answer choices are correct

in recent years biologists have noticed (relying on bees)

almonds apples bluberries

The inability of an organism to produce certain proteins can occur when an organism is lacking an enzyme needed to combine

amino acids

Which type of pathogenic microbe causes AIDS?

a virus

When getting a vaccination, which substance is injected into the body?

a weakened form of a virus

In living cells, chemical processes, such as synthesis, all require the action of

biological catalysts

The basic structure of a virus contains:

both a nucleic acid AND a protein coat

Bacteria and humans are similar in that they both:

contain genetic material

the diagram below represents an experiment setup - 20 minutes

contents of dialysis tube would turn blue black

Using a microscope and a wet-mount slide...The student predicted that the contractile vacuole would contract fewer times in one minute in a solution that had a higher concentration of salt than that found in typical pond water. This prediction is most likely

correct, because water would be moving out of the cell through aquaporins/channels in the membrane and into the salt solution

Some plants increase in height due to changes in specialized regions of cells in the tips of their branches. The processes that result in these changes include

mitosis, cell growth, and differentiation

In an embryo, the formation of many types of tissues and organs occurs as a result of the process of

differentiation

the diagram below represents a specialized cell located in the root of a plant. which row in the chart??

diffusion-diffusion

Pneumocystis is an organism normally found in the human lungs that can cause pneumonia. It seldom causes problems in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, people with AIDS sometimes become seriously ill with pneumonia. This is most likely due to the fact that individuals with AIDS have

dissiculty fighting off infections

When would exposure to a potentially harmful substance be most likely to damage many organs in a developing embryo?

during the early stages of pregnancy

the diagram below represents ameba engulfing bacteria

endocytosis

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a byproduct of cellular metabolism, is broken down by the enzyme catalase which is produced by nearly all organisms. When catalase is added to hydrogen peroxide, a reaction occurs that produces bubbles of oxygen gas (O2) and water (H2O). Based on the investigation, the student should conclude that enzymes

function best within a specific range of conditions

An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" What was the dependent variable in this experiment?

height of the plants

In the human body, carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported to cells. Breathing in too much carbon monoxide will most likely result in the production of

less ATP

The diagram below represents two cells viewed using the same magnification with the same microscope. One possible conclusion that can be drawn about the activity of these two cells is that:

more active transport occurs in cell A than in cell B

Screen Shot 2018-01-11 at 12.22.26 PM.png A characteristic that the two processes have in common is that each process

move molecules

Which activity can occur without the use of energy?

movement of water across a membrane

Unlike embryonic stem cells, the stem cells in a human adult, child or infant can differentiate into only a limited number of kinds of cells. This is an example of

multipotent stem cells

It is recommended that people avoid excessive use of tanning beds. Exposure to the radiation emitted by tanning beds can cause skin cancer. This cancer is the direct result of a..

mutation in the genetic material

A chemical was added to hand sanitizers and dish detergents to kill bacteria. Certain species of bacteria are no longer killed by this chemical. One likely reason for the decreased effectiveness of this chemical is that these bacteria have:

mutation to resistance

A virus takes over the ____________ of the host cell when it reproduces.

nucleus

Which process uses energy to combine inorganic molecules to synthesize organic molecules?

photosynthesis

Which process will result in a gain of energy in an ecosystem?

photosynthesis in algae cells

The function of a specific enzyme is most directly influenced by its

physical shape

A function of cell membranes in humans is the..

recognition of certain chemicals

An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the pH of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Which activity might help to increase the validity of this experiment?

repeating the experiment several times

Before a cell divides, an exact copy of each chromosome is made by the process of

replication

Photosynthesis and respiration are alike in that they both

require specific catalysts

molecules one and two enter the cell glucose leaves

respiration

When water is available and growth begins, the plant embryo inside the seed secretes enzymes to digest the starch stored in the seed. The enzymes in cells of the plant embryo are produced directly by the:

ribosomes

Even though human proteins are synthesized from only 20 different amino acids, there are thousands of different proteins found in human cells. This great variety of proteins is possible because the

sequence and number of amino acids can be different in each protein

The chart below contains information about some structures found in single-celled organisms. The information in this chart best illustrates the biological concept that:

single-celled organisms contain structures that function in maintaining homeostasis

A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a (tertiary structure) complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the..

specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction

What is the function of erythropoietin treatment for anemia as a result of kidney disease?

to stimulate differentiation of red blood cells in bone marrow

The cytoplasm in a single-celled organism and the circulatory system in a human both:

transport substances throughout the organism

A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf

uses more carbon dioxide