Biology: Cumulative Exam Review

Consider the generalized cladogram of fish.Osteichthyes is a group of fish that have the derived characteristics of jaws and true bones. Which letter corresponds to where Osteichthyes belongs on the cladogram? A B C D

A

The pedigree traces red-green color blindness. Which family members have red-green color blindness? A. Sam, Tim, Bella, and Joshua B. Lisa and Monica C. Ben, Jenny, Mike, Carol, Katie, and Chris D. Sam, Joshua, and Tim

A. Sam, Tim, Bella, and Joshua

Populations of organisms that exhibit a high degree of variation have a greater chance for survival than populations of organisms that show little variation. This statement is A. always true. B. usually true. C. rarely true. D. never true.

B. usually true.

Parents with the genotypes AO and AB have a child. What are all the possible blood types of the child? A. A, B B. O, AB C. A, AB, B D. O, AB, A

C. A, AB, B

There are four steps in bacterial conjugation. The second step is missing in this list. 1. Special sex pilus connects two cells. 2. 3. Each cell makes a complementary DNA strand. 4. The cells separate. Which is the missing step for the process of conjugation described? A. Two new, identical cells are produced. B. The cell membrane elongates and pinches off. C. Some DNA moves from one cell to another. D. A DNA molecule attaches to the cell membrane.

C. Some DNA moves from one cell to anther.

Which best describes niches? A. If two species have the same niche, one species will always become extinct. B. Two species are able to occupy the same niche in the same habitat. C. Two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat. D. If two species have the same niche, one species will always move.

C. Two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat.

Consider the recent phylogenetic tree of five different organisms. Old classification systems based on physical characteristics would most likely disagree with the relationship between which two animals in the tree? A. crocodiles and insects B. bats and humans C. birds and bats D. humans and crocodiles

C. birds and bats

A relationship in which one organisms benefits while the other is not harmed but does not benefit either is called A. predation. B. parasitism. C. commensalism. D. mutualism.

C. commensalism.

A conservation biologist has determined the status of the ecosystems in a protected area, as shown in the table below. Based on the table, which part of the pie chart represents secondary succession? Status of ecosystems Percentage of protected area Primary succession 10 Secondary succession 30 Barren land 5 Established community 55 A. segment A B. segment B C. segment C D. segment D

C. segment C

Which best describes biotechnology? A. the process of analyzing DNA samples to identify individuals involved in criminal activities B. DNA made by connecting fragments of DNA with desired traits from different DNA sources C. the field of biology that uses genetic engineering to produce crops, pharmaceuticals, and enzymes for use in industry and manufacturing D. the process of cutting DNA into fragments and inserting the fragments with a desired gene into another organism

C. the field of biology that uses genetic engineering to produce crops, pharmaceuticals, and enzymes for use in industry and manufacturing

Human behavior can be influenced by urbanization through increased _______. a. incidents of mental illness b. crime c. violence d. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D

D

Which blood type could be given as a transfusion for patient with AB blood when the RH factor is unknown? A. O+ B. A+ C. AB+ D. AB-

D. AB-

Arianne recently traveled abroad where she enjoyed eating food from different countries and learning about different cultures. A week after she returned home, she checked into the hospital with signs of nausea, fever, and diarrhea. What best explains what happened to Arianne? A. A parasitic bacteria contaminated her food. B. A mutualistic bacteria infected her digestive system. C. A commensalistic organism is now living in her intestine. D. A predatorial organism is consuming her natural bacteria.

A. A parasitic bacteria contaminated her food.

A company has many genetically engineered poplar trees around its factories. Which best describes the poplar trees? A. They are being used for phytoremediation. B. They have transferred their genes to a nontarget species. C. They have reduced the effectiveness of pesticides. D. They are being used for disease resistance.

A. They are being used for phytoremediation.

Which of the following is the Hardy-Weinberg equation? A. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0 B. p2 + q2 = 1.0 C. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 0 D. p2 - 2pq + q2 = 1.0 E. p2 - q2 = 1.0

A. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.0

Consider the classification levels of a human. Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens Which is the most specific taxonomic level in the classification system above? A. sapiens B. Homo C. Hominidae D. Primates

A. sapiens

Which level of biological classification is the lowest level that butterflies (invertebrates) and dogs (vertebrates) have in common? A.domain B. kingdom C. species D. family

B. kingdom

The diagram represents a dihybrid cross between two pea plants heterozygous for both seed color and seed shape.What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? A. 1:1:1:1:2:2:2:2:4 B. 1:3:3:9 C. 1:4 D. 4:12

B. 1:3:3:9

Human health is unaffected by environmental limiting factors. Please select the best answers from the choices provided. A. True B. False

B. False

_______ add(s) genetic variation, which is essential for evolution. A. Natural selection B. Mutations C. Hardy-Weinberg conditions D. Genetic drift E. Migration

B. Mutations

Which of these are most likely homologous structures? A. bat wing and dragon fly wing B. bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm C. dragon fly wing and Tyrannosaurus arm D. bat wing, dragon fly wing, and Tyrannosaurus arm

B. bat wing and Tyrannosaurus arm

Humans have used food processing to preserve the length of time that food can be eaten. Chemicals are added to the food to reduce bacterial growth, produce less toxins, and improve taste. Which best describes the advantages of food processing? A. control of density-independent limiting factors B. control of density-dependent limiting factors C. decrease in food nutrient levels D. adverse health affects

B. control of density-dependent limiting factors

The tundra ecosystem of Alaska is known as a "cold desert." It receives very little precipitation, about four inches annually. However, it is rich in wetlands due to permafrost, which traps moisture close to the surface. The temperatures vary widely, also producing persistent winds. Although treeless, the Arctic tundra is an abundant ecosystem. Many organisms find their niche here including many migratory bird species and mammals such as caribou, foxes, bears, and small rodents. Which element of the tundra ecosystem is biotic? A. wind B. dead bird C. carbon dioxide D. temperature

B. dead bird

Which is an effect of short-term environmental changes? A. adaptation B. speciation C. extinction D. death

D. death

Which career combines DNA technology and medicine? A. nutriceuticals B. paternity testing C. environmental studies D. genetics

D. genetics