Biology EOC Practice Test

The allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes. Which of the following

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Which of the following correctly compares the products of aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration produces more than 30 ATP per glucose molecule, while anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule and either ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?

Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.

Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?

Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural unit and lipids do not.

Which statement best compares eukaryote and a prokaryote?

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.

Based on your knowledge of scientific investigations, which stage of scientific investigation did the invention of the microscope significantly advance?

Gathering the data for the investigation.

Which of the following best compares the processes involved in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol, while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain take place in the mitochondria.

A variety of organic molecules have been found in meteorites that have landed on Earth, including individual amino acids and lipid molecules. To date, however, no microspheres have been found on these meteorites. Why is it unlikely that microspheres will ever be found on a meteorite even though lipids can form in them?

Groups of lipids will only form into microspheres when they are in liquid water

Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as a eukaryote?

Having a nucleus

In which of the following circumstances would it be most likely for large organic molecules to form during a laboratory experiment?

If RNA segments that could act as catalysts formed

Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?

Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.

Which of the following best describes a result of the polar nature of water molecules?

Ionic compounds dissolve easily in water.

Which of the following best summarizes why the technological invention of microscopes was important to biology?

It allowed for development of the cell theory.

Assume a group of scientists has managed to set up an experiment simulating the conditions of early Earth that resulted in a cell with DNA using RNA to produce proteins from amino acids as modern cells do. What conclusion could they draw from this experiment?

It is possible for a cell similar to a modern cell to form under the conditions of the experiment.

A student is conducting an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on the metabolism of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast and sugar are added to water, the gas produced is captured, and its volume is recorded. Which variables should be held constant during the investigation?

Mass of yeast and mass of sugar.

Some organisms are able to reproduce asexually through mitosis, while cells of organisms that reproduces sexually will undergo meiosis to produce gametes. Which process do you predict would be most beneficial to a species during a drastic change in environmental conditions?

Meiosis; it results in more genetic variation, which would help ensure the species will survive.

Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?

Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?

Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die.

Which of the following best compares the membranes found in different types of cells?

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes, but eukaryotes also have membrane-bound organelles.

If a company claims that its product has been proven scientifically, which of the following should have taken place if the results are to be considered reliable?

Results should have been peer reviewed and repeated producing the same findings.

Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?

The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly if not at all.

To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because

cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years

Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both

represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence.