Biology exam 2 finals
In what direction does DNA replication take place?
5' to 3'
Mitochondria are observed in plant cells that contain chloroplasts. What do you find mitochondria in photosynthetic tissue ?
Mitochondria are required to break down sugars and other materials for energy
rough endoplasmic reticulum is called so because it has
ribosome attached to it.
Which type of point mutation would have no effect on gene expression?
silent
That sequence that signals the end of transcription is called the
stop codon
A poly- A sequence is added at the
3' end of a transcript in the nucleus
How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?
36
How many chromosomes are in G2 phase of human muscle cell
46 only
Active transport across the membrane means the process needs
ATP for transporting molecules across the membrane
What is the flow of information for the synthesis of proteins according to the central dogma?
DNA to mRNA to protein
Match the items transcription__________ Central dogma________ replication___________ plasma membrane_______ crossover_________ isotonic________
DNA to mRNA; DNA to mRNA to proteins; DNA to DNA; osmosis; meiosis; no osmosis;
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of genetic code explains this?
Degeneracy
Water moves via osmosis across plasma cell membranes in which direction?
From an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration
At which of the cell cycle checkpoints do external forces have the greatest influence?
G1
Describe the sequence of mitotic cell cycle for a pair of chromosome
G2, mitosis, G1, S
What part of meiosis is similar to mitosis?
Meiosis II
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material, one type
crossover occurs in
Prophase I
Which is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
S phase
tRNA and rRNA
are transcribed
Choline, ethanol amine, serine and inositol are four organic molecules that are ___________________ and only serine is ______________________
attached to phosphate group in the phospholipids; negatively charged. Others are neutral
Non-disjunct chromosomes lead to disease like
downs syndrome
There are multiple nuclei in the eukaryotic cell each separated by its own membrane
false
Which portion of DAN contains Okazaki fragments?
lagging strand
These are called the garbage disposal units or suicide bags of cells
lysosomes
G2 check point checks for
mainly DNA duplication
Which organelles would be present in high numbers in the leg muscles of a marathon runner?
mitochondria
cytokinesis differs between plants and animals
plant cells develops a cell plate
lipid bilayer means an arrangement where to layers of lipid molecules are arranged in such a way that
polar heads make the other boundary and hydrophobic tails are arranged on inner side.
Endocytosis
process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane phagocytosis and pinocytosis
What process transfers heritable material to the next generation?
replication
The M check point
spindle checkpoint
uncontrolled mitosis leads to humans diseases like
tumors and malignant tumors
A diploid cell has how many times the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell
twice
What are introns?
untranslated DNA sequences in a gene