biology exam 3

(Bio Chap 16) Homeotic genes

determine the body plan of an organism.

(Bio Chap 19) Which of the following statements about animals is not true?

animal cells are enclosed in a cell wall made of polysaccharides.

(Bio Chap 16) The Cambrian explosion

caused a spectacular increase in the size and comlexity of animal life.

(Bio Chap 17) Quorum sensing

enables bacteria to form biofilms.

(Bio Chap 19) Chordates are distinguished from all other animals in that all of them

have a dorsal nerve cord and a post-anal tail.

(Bio Chap 18) Compared to prokaryotes, eukaryotes

have a nucleus.

(Bio Chap 19) Which animal group is the most abundant in number of individuals and number of species?

insects

(Bio Chap 18) Which of the following exolutionary innovations enabled larger cell size?

subcellular compartmentalization

(Bio Chap 14) Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to solve the following problem: If the frequency of the A allele is 0.7 and the frequency of the a allele is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of individuals of geneotype Aa in a population that is not evolving?

0.42

(Bio Chap 15) The diploid number of chromosomes in plant species A is 8; the diploid number in plant species B is 16. If plant species C originated when a hybrid between A and B spontaneously doubled it chromosome number, what is the most likely number of diploid chromosomes in C?

24

(Bio Chap 17) Which of the following groupings lists only domains?

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

(Bio Chap 17) Most bacteria

cannot be cultured on an artificial medium in a lab dish.

(Bio Chap 15) Which of the following is a good example of an analogous traits?

European and American vultures are not related but look very much alike.

(Bio Chap 14) Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?

all of these

(Bio Chap 14) Adaptations

all of these.

(Bio Chap 16) The fossil record

all of these.

(Bio Chap 17) Bacteria

are more distantly related to the eukaryotes than are the Archaea.

(Bio Chap 18) Protists

are more diverse in modes of nutrition and life cycle characteristics than fungi are.

(Bio Chap 16) Mass extinctions

are periods of time when many species go extinct worldwide.

(Bio Chap 19) True tissues

are thought to be absent in sponges.

(Bio Chap 17) According the life cycle of a flu virus, it

becomes wrapped in an envelope derived from the host cell's plasma membrane during the budding stage.

(Bio Chap 18) Mycorrhizal fungi are

beneficial to plants because they help in absorbing minerals.

(Bio Chap 18) Which of the following groups contains only multicellular species?

bryophytes

(Bio Chap 15) The splitting of one species to form two or more species most commonly occurs

by allopatric speciation.

(Bio Chap 17) Archaeans

can be found in the human body.

(Bio Chap 17) Some prokaryotes

can obtain energy from minerals, such as iron, that are found in some rocks.

(Bio Chap 19) Which of the following groups was the first to take to the air?

certain reptiles

(Bio Chap 19) An amniotic egg

contains membranes that facilitate gas exchange.

(Bio Chap 14) A study of a population of the goldenrod Solidago altissima finds that large individuals consistently survive at a higher rate than small individuals. Assuming size is an inherited trait, the most likely evolutionary mechanism at work here is

directional selection.

(Bio Chap 17) Prokaryotes

display a greater diversity of metabolism, compared to eukaryotes.

(Bio Chap 15) Which of the following evolutionary mechanisms act to slow down or prevent the evolution of reproductive isolation?

gene flow

(Bio Chap 14) Differences in survival and reproduction resulting from chance events can cause the genetic makeup of a population to change randomly over time. This process is called

genetic drift.

(Bio Chap 18) Which of the following groups consists entirely of autotrophic species?

gymnosperms

(Bio Chap 15) Traits that are similar because of common ancestry are called

homologous.

(Bio Chap 14) Artificial selection is the process by which

humans allow only organisms with specific characteristics to breed.

(Bio Chap 18) Fungi grow by extending their

hyphae.

(Bio Chap 14) In natural selection,

individuals that possess particular inherited characteristics consistently survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals.

(Bio Chap 17) Viruses

lack the ability to acquire energy independently.

(Bio Chap 16) Large-scale evolution characterized by the rise and fall of major groups of organizations and significant alterations of body forms in called

macroevolution

(Bio Chap 16) The history of life shows that

macroevolution is greatly influenced by mass extinctions and adaptive radiations.

(Bio Chap 14) The fossil record shows that the first mammals evolved 220 million years ago. The supercontinent Pangaea began to break apart 200 million years ago. Therefore, fossils of the first mammals should be found

on most or all of the current continents.

(Bio Chap 16) According to the Linnaean system of classification,

phylum is a broader, more inclusive category than order.

(Bio Chap 17) Antibiotics

produced by fungi work by disrupting cellular processes or cell structures in specific bacterial species.

(Bio Chap 15) Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers to reproduction have the effect of

reducing or preventing gene flow between species.

(Bio Chap 15) Species that have overlapping geographic ranges but do not interbreed in nature are said to be

reproductively isolated.

(Bio Chap 15) Evidence suggests that sympatric speciation may have occurred or may be in progress in all of the following cases except

squirrels on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon.

(Bio Chap 16) A node represents

the most recent common ancestor of two or more descentdant lineages.

(Bio Chap 19) In deuterostomes,

the mouth does not develop from the blastopore.

(Bio Chap 18) Which of the following consitutes an evolutionary innovation that enabled plants to become taller?

the presence of cell walls reinforced with lignin

(Bio Chap 19) Segmentation is beneficial

to arthropods because it facilitates specialization among body parts.

(Bio Chap 15) The time required for populations to diverge to form new species

varies from a single generation to millions of years.

(Bio Chap 15) The biological species concept

would classify two natural populations, A and B, as separate species if A and B were separated by a geographic barrier.