Biology Exam 3 (Ch.15-17,21)

The patch of actively dividing cells that is found near the tip of roots and shoots of plants is/are the A. apical meristem only. B. lateral meristem only. C. apical and lateral meristems. D. tracheid. E. vascular bundle.

apical meristem only.

How does sap move from the sieve tube into a sink? A. by a pump B. by pressure C. by gravity D. by osmosis E. by active transport

...

When preparing slides to look at mitosis, the tips of onion roots are a good source of cells because they contain ______ where mitosis is taking place consistently. A. vascular tissue B. dermal tissue C. All answers are correct. D. apical meristem E. endodermis

apical meristem

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is A. mesophyll. B. bark. C. leaf. D. wood. E. cork cambium.

bark.

In animals, a sphere of embryonic cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity is called a A. gastrovascular cavity. B. blastula. C. coelom. D. gastrula. E. hydrostatic skeleton.

blastula.

On a hot sunny day, which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss? A. both cuticle and stomata B. cuticle only C. stomata only D. both cuticle and phloem E. both phloem and stomata

both cuticle and stomata.

The water absorption rate of a plant's roots is greatly increased by A. presence of many stomata only. B. presence of root hairs only. C. both association with mycorrhizal fungi and presence of root hairs. D. association with mycorrhizal fungi only. E. both presence of many stomata and root hairs.

both presence of many stomata and root hairs.

Conducting cells in xylem are A. sieve tube elements only. B. tracheids only. C. both tracheids and vessel elements. D. vessel elements only. E. both tracheids and sieve tube elements.

both tracheids and vessel elements.

Swinging from one arm to the other with the body dangling below is A. bipedalism. B. brachiation. C. "knuckle walking." D. quatrapedalism. E. All answers are correct.

brachiation.

Which of the following best describes a compound leaf? A. multiple blades attached to a single petiole B. a single blade attached to a petiole C. a single leaflet attached to a petiole D. multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole

multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the muscles and reproductive system is the A. pachyderm. B. ectoderm. C. mesoderm. D. endoderm. E. protoderm.

endoderm.

The innermost layer of the cortex of a plant root is the A. epidermis. B. stoma. C. guard cell. D. endodermis. E. petiole.

endodermis.

Advantages of bipedalism include A. movement through the treetops and clinging to vines. B. the ability to run faster. C. freeing of hands to carry objects and ability to use tools. D. increased brain size. E. All answers are correct.

freeing of hands to carry objects and ability to use tools.

A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull; this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of a A. human. B. gorilla. C. dog. D. monkey. E. rat.

gorilla.

A potato stores a lot of starch. Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most abundant in a potato? A. dermal tissue B. vascular tissue C. ground tissue D. equal amounts of ground and dermal tissue E. equal amounts of dermal and vascular tissue

ground tissue

The cells that surround each stoma and control its opening and closing are A. sieve tube cells. B. vascular cells. C. companion cells. D. pith cells. E. guard cells.

guard cells.

Commercial fertilizer labels prominently display three numbers which indicate the content of three elements needed by most plants as macronutrients. These elements in number sequence are A. zinc, magnesium, and potassium. B. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. C. copper, nitrogen, and phosphorus. D. carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. E. nitrogen, zinc, and copper.

nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

"N" is the chemical symbol for A. nickel. B. neon. C. nitrogen. D. magnesium. E. copper.

nitrogen.

Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of A. nitrogen. B. energy. C. carbon. D. magnesium. E. potassium.

nitrogen.

The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a A. petiole. B. internode. C. anther. D. sieve tube. E. node.

node.

A vertebrate is an animal that A. has a complete digestive tract. B. does not have a backbone. C. has a backbone. D. has an incomplete digestive tract. E. does not have true tissues.

has a backbone.

Which of the following will not increase the rate of transpiration in a plant? A. high humidity B. low humidity C. high wind speeds D. high temperature E. All answers are correct.

high humidity.

A skeleton has a foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull; this indicates that the skeletal remains are of a ______. A. chimpanzee B. human C. lesser ape D. gorilla E. All answers are correct.

human.

Hominines include A. humans. B. humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. C. gibbons and orangutans. D. chimpanzees and gorillas. E. All answers are correct.

humans.

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk? A. in the center B. just under the bark C. All answers are correct. D. in the bark E. in the roots

just under the bark

The type of plant cell that provides rigid support and is dead at maturity is a A. sclerenchyma cell. B. sieve tube cell. C. parenchyma cell. D. collenchyma cell. E. guard cell.

sclerenchyma cell.

The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is/are the A. apical meristem only. B. apical and lateral meristems. C. tracheid. D. vascular bundle. E. lateral meristem only.

lateral meristem only.

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the A. leaf. B. stomata. C. bark. D. stem. E. chlorophyll.

leaf.

Compound leaves are defined as being divided into A. blades. B. companion cells. C. leaflets. D. stomata. E. lateral meristems.

leaflets.

Internodes of plants are A. located on the stems. B. located on the roots. C. dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages. D. periods of time between releasing of pollen. E. located on the male flower parts.

located on the stems.

Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as A. total nutrients. B. macronutrients. C. micronutrients. D. solid nutrients. E. essential nutrients.

macronutrients.

The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its A. tracheid. B. meristem. C. guard cell. D. cortex. E. mesophyll.

meristem.

Nitrogen, in useful form for cells, is made available to plants A. through their stomata. B. through their leaves. C. through their roots. D. through their roots and leaves. E. through their stomata and leaves.

through their roots.

The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is A. totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle. B. not affected by temperature. C. condensation. D. transpiration. E. precipitation.

transpiration.

Swollen regions of underground stems that store starch are A. stomata. B. tubers. C. always parasitic. D. rhizomes. E. tendrils.

tubers.

The xylem and phloem are produced by the A. vascular cambium. B. sieve tube. C. vascular bundle. D. mycorrhizal fungi. E. companion cells.

vascular cambium.

Humans and chimps are both able to A. walk upright only. B. walk upright and use tools. C. communicate only. D. use tools and communicate. E. use tools only.

walk upright and use tools.

Nitrogen is needed in plants to manufacture A. amino acids. B. proteins. C. nucleic acids. D. chlorophyll. E. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Characteristics shared by primates include A. flat nails instead of claws. B. grasping hands with opposable thumbs. C. binocular vision and excellent depth perception. D. large brain size in comparison to body size. E. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

In many parts of the Everglades in Florida, excessive irrigation is lowering water levels and allowing salt water to enter the normally freshwater swamps. Why is this a problem for plants that have adapted to life in these swamps? A. The salt competes with minerals for uptake by the plants, limiting their growth. B. Salts bind to nitrogen, preventing it from being taken up. C. The plants cannot move sugars down the xylem if there is salt outside of the roots pulling water out. D. Photosynthesis is inhibited by salt. E. The plant roots cannot take up water if the soil salt concentration is high.

...

Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements, the lower the pressure. They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero, and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122-130 meters. The tallest know tree on Earth is 112.7 meters. Which of the following most likely limits the height of trees? A. the amount of transpiration in leaves B. the amount of photosynthesis in leaves C. the amount of energy needed to pump water to the tops of the trees D. the strength of water cohesion E. the ability to take up CO2

...

Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements, the lower the pressure. They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero, and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122-130 meters. The tallest known tree on Earth is 112.7 meters. What assumption were the scientists making to conclude that when pressure was zero the plant could grow no further? A. Any leaves above that point would not receive sunlight. B. Any leaves above that point would not receive water. C. Stems above that point could not transport sugars in their xylem. D. Transpiration would be less than uptake of water from the xylem. E. The osmotic pressure would be greater than gravity.

...

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract and organs derived from the digestive tract is the A. pachyderm. B. ectoderm. C. mesoderm. D. endoderm. E. protoderm.

...

UV light is used to produce vitamin D. How did people living at higher latitudes benefit from lighter-colored skin? A. With less total UV light, lighter-colored skin allows more production of vitamin D. B. With less total UV light, lighter-colored skin protects vitamin D from degradation. C. With less total UV light, lighter-colored skin provides protection against skin cancer. D. With less total UV light, lighter-colored skin keeps people warmer. E. With less total UV light, lighter-colored skin was important for social interactions.

...

UV light is used to produce vitamin D. Yet, why do people whose ancestors lived in the tropics have darker-colored skin? A. Darker-colored skin allowed more production of vitamin B. Darker-colored skin protected vitamin D from degradation. C. Darker-colored skin keeps people warmer. D. Darker-colored skin was important for social interactions. E. Darker-colored skin provides protection against cancer-causing UV light.

...

Scientists use mitochondrial DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet. After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland, any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA samples taken from ____ would have the fewest unique mutations, representing the original and oldest DNA sequences. A. Asia B. Australia C. Europe D. Africa E. the Americas

Africa

Hominids include A. humans. B. orangutans. C. chimpanzees. D. gorillas. E. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

The bacterium Rhizobium A. triggers the development of root nodules in legumes. B. enters plants through the root hairs. C. lives symbiotically within plant cells. D. breaks the triple covalent bond in N2. E. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

The root cap A. protects the meristem from abrasion. B. is located at the tip of the root. C. secretes a lubricant for the growing root. D. plays a role in sensing gravity. E. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Using organic matter such as manure or compost for fertilizer A. improves fertility. B. aerates the soil. C. increases the water holding capacity of the soil. D. provides food for beneficial soil microorganisms. E. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Throughout a growing season, a plant uses up to 1000 liters (or kg) of water to produce just 1 kilogram of tissue. What happens to most of the remaining 999 kg of water? A. It is used in the cytoplasm. B. It is used in photosynthesis. C. It is used in hydrolysis reactions. D. It evaporates (transpiration). E. It passes back through the roots into the soil.

It evaporates (transpiration).

Which of the following is not a function of the root of a plant? A. Anchor the plant. B. Produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism. C. Absorb water. D. Absorb mineral nutrients for the plant. E. Form beneficial relationships with microorganisms, thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients.

Produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism.

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree. The tree will typically survive that growing season, but will die over the winter. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? A. The phloem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves. B. The xylem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots. C. The xylem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves. D. Cutting the bark allows access to pathogens that kill the tree. E. The phloem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.

The phloem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree. The tree will typically survive that growing season, but will die over the winter. Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass? A. The vascular bundles are in a ring just under the bark. B. The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue. C. Monocots don't have vascular bundles. D. Eudicots don't have vascular bundles. E. Grasses have taproots.

The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.

Which of the following characteristics do all animals share? A. They are single-celled eukaryotes. B. They are multi-cellular prokaryotes. C. They are multi-cellular eukaryotes. D. They are single-celled prokaryotes.

They are multi-cellular eukaryotes.

A tomato, squash, or bean would be considered a fruit for which reason? A. They contain seeds from a flowering plant. B. They were produced by a flowering plant. C. They can have a color other than green. D. They grow above the ground. E. They can be eaten raw.

They contain seeds from a flowering plant.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of animals? A. They have cell walls. B. They have a developmental stage called a blastula. C. They are multi-cellular eukaryotes. D. They are heterotrophs. E. They secrete and bind to an extracellular matrix.

They have cell walls.

The attraction of a molecule of one substance, such as water, to a molecule of another substance, such as cellulose in plant cells walls, is A. adhesion. B. hydrolysis. C. condensation. D. cohesion. E. evaporation.

adhesion.

How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatan peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction? A. by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis B. by using up all of the oxygen in the atmosphere C. most of the animals in the world were in the tropics of Central America D. by causing massive floods E. by heating up the planet

by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis

If water were being pushed from below, air bubbles in the xylem stream would not pose a problem. However, the observation that air bubbles can interrupt xylem function provides important evidence supporting the _______ theory of water movement. A. gravity-suction B. active transport C. pressure-flow D. osmotic E. cohesion-tension

cohesion-tension

The tendency of water molecules to "cling" together is A. cohesion. B. adhesion. C. hydrolysis. D. condensation. E. evaporation.

cohesion.

The type of plant cell that provides support without interfering with growth and is familiar as the "strings in celery" is a A. sieve tube cell. B. collenchyma cell. C. parenchyma cell. D. sclerenchyma cell. E. guard cell.

collenchyma cell.

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the A. stomata. B. cuticle. C. guard cell. D. xylem. E. phloem.

cuticle.

Home gardeners who grow tomatoes are often told to pinch off axillary buds at nodes to prevent the plants from becoming too bushy. This is consistent with most tomato plants being which of the following? A. monocots B. determinate C. eudicots D. indeterminate

determinate

An invertebrate is an animal that A. does not have a backbone. B. has a backbone. C. has a complete digestive tract. D. has an incomplete digestive tract. E. does not have true tissues.

does not have a backbone.

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the skin and nervous system is the A. pachyderm. B. endoderm. C. mesoderm. D. protoderm. E. ectoderm.

ectoderm.

During photosynthesis in a leaf, sugars are loaded into the sieve tube by _____ followed by ______ to increase the pressure. A. osmosis, facilitated diffusion B. facilitated diffusion, osmosis C. gravity, active transport D. active transport, osmosis E. osmosis, gravity

osmosis, gravity

The concentration of solutes in most soil is lower than the concentration of solutes in root cells, so water enters the roots by A. hydrostatic pressure. B. cohesion. C. adhesion. D. hydrolysis. E. osmosis.

osmosis.

In the spring before the leaves come out, maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup. The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter. Which of the following tissues would contain the starch over the winter? A. xylem B. phloem C. parenchyma tissue D. collenchyma tissue E. roots

parenchyma tissue.

The part of a plant that is the stalk-like support for a leaf is the A. node. B. petiole. C. internode. D. blade. E. companion cell.

petiole.

The ________________ transport(s) dissolved organic compounds such as sugars from the leaves throughout the plant. A. phloem B. guard cells C. xylem D. epidermis E. stomata

phloem

In the spring before the leaves come out, maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup. The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter. The resulting sucrose is released into the vessels that transport water. Which of the following would a person tap to collect sap from a maple tree? A. phloem B. collenchyma tissue C. xylem D. parenchyma tissue E. roots

phloem.

"P" is the chemical symbol for A. nickel. B. potassium. C. plutonium. D. phosphorus. E. copper.

phosphorus.

In the spring before the leaves come out, maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup. The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter. Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap? A. photosynthesis during the previous summer B. photosynthesis that winter C. photosynthesis occurring in the spring while the sap is flowing D. breakdown of cellulose in the tree E. absorption from the soil

photosynthesis during the previous summer

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope it would be best to A. plant grasses because they have fibrous roots. B. plant grasses because they have taproots. C. plant trees because they have taproots. D. plant trees because they have fibrous roots.

plant grasses because they have fibrous roots.

The opening and closing of a plant's stomata are regulated by the flow of _____________ ions. A. phosphorus B. magnesium C. copper D. sulfur E. potassium

potassium

"K" is the chemical symbol for A. phosphorus. B. potassium. C. nickel. D. krypton. E. copper.

potassium.

Humans and chimps are both A. primates and hominids. B. primates only. C. hominids only. D. Homo sapiens only. E. primates and Homo sapiens.

primates and hominids.

Which of the following is not a function of a stem of a plant? A. storage of starch B. support C. storage of water D. production of pollen E. protection from predators

production of pollen

The three groups in the primate lineage are A. monkeys, gibbons, and orangutans. B. gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees. C. prosimians, simians, and hominoids. D. chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans. E. hominines, hominids, and hominoids.

prosimians, simians, and hominoids.

Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are A. rhizomes. B. always parasitic. C. stomata. D. tubers. E. tendrils.

rhizomes.

The main vegetative parts of plants include A. roots, flowers, and stems. B. fruits, flowers, and leaves. C. roots, stems, and leaves. D. stems, roots, flowers, leaves, and fruits. E. flowers and fruits only.

roots, stems, leaves

The main phloem-conducting cells are A. tracheids. B. companion cells. C. sieve tube elements. D. vessel elements. E. stomata.

sieve tube elements.

In the pressure flow theory, any part of a plant that does not carry out photosynthesis is a A. source. B. sink. C. reservoir. D. aqueduct. E. companion cell.

sink.

In a deciduous tree found in the north, which two seasons would contribute to tree rings? A. spring and summer B. spring and fall C. winter and spring D. winter and summer E. summer and fall

spring and fall

The ______ and ______ of a plant's leaf help conserve water in a plant. A. root hairs, stomata B. endodermis, stomata C. stomata, cuticle D. endodermis, cuticle E. None of the answers are correct.

stomata, cuticle

Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called A. guard cells. B. companion cells. C. sieve tubes. D. nodes. E. stomata.

stomata.

The pores through which leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere are A. epidermal cells. B. sieve tube elements. C. guard cells. D. petioles. E. stomata.

stomata.

If a plant exhibits determinate growth, the plant A. continues to grow until the environment determines that it cannot. B. produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant. C. sends out tendrils to support the plant. D. stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size. E. produces seeds only at one time during its life.

stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size.

The primary root of a plant that enlarges and persists throughout the life of the plant is the A. fibrous root. B. companion root. C. rhizome. D. stoma. E. taproot.

taproot.

Stems that coil around surrounding objects for support are A. always parasitic. B. tendrils. C. stomata. D. rhizomes. E. tubers.

tendrils.

Scientists use mitochondrial DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet. After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland, any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA samples taken from ____ would have the most unique mutations, representing the most recent population to migrate to a new area. A. Africa B. Asia C. Australia D. Europe E. the Americas

the Americas

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall, and come back 10 years later. The tree is now 30 feet tall, but the nail is the same distance from the ground. This is because the tree grows up from A. the apical meristem only. B. the lateral meristem only. C. both the lateral and apical meristems. D. the root tip. E. the node.

the apical meristem only.

Which of the following enabled Homo sapiens to develop complex cultures unlike other members of the Homo genus? A. the ability to walk upright B. the development of agriculture C. the ability to migrate out of Africa D. changes in skin color E. the ability to use stone tools

the development of agriculture

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall, so that 5 inches of the nail are showing. You come back 10 years later. The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing. This is because the tree grows out from A. the lateral meristem only. B. the apical meristem only. C. both the lateral and apical meristems. D. the root tip. E. the node.

the lateral meristem only.

The "Cambrian explosion" refers to A. the mass extinction of dinosaurs. B. the origination of all major phyla of animals. C. the development of the first true cell. D. the origination of life. E. the creation of Earth.

the origination of all major phyla of animals.

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight, the next morning the celery will be red. The food coloring was taken up through which of the following? A. phloem B. stomata C. xylem D. dermal tissue E. ground tissue

xylem

The ________________ transport(s) water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant. A. xylem B. guard cells C. phloem D. epidermis E. stomata

xylem

The products of photosynthesis move from the leaf to other parts of the plant via A. xylem. B. phloem. C. cortex. D. cortex and phloem. E. cortex and xylem.

xylem.

Which of the following is not an element taken in primarily by the roots of the plant? A. nitrogen B. magnesium C. carbon D. phosphorus E. zinc

zinc