Biology Exam Review Test 2
In which direction does DNA replication take place?
5' to 3'
Non- disjunct chromosomes lead to diseases like
Downs Syndrome
Describe the sequence of mitotic cell cycle for a pair of chromosome
G2, Mitosis, G1, S
Cell organelles
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are observed in plant cells that contain chloroplasts. Why do you find mitochondria in photosynthetic tissue?
Mitochondria are required to break down sugars and other materials for energy
Crossover
meiosis
Isotonic
no osmosis
Plasma Membrane
osmosis
Which type of point mutation would have no effect on gene expression?
silent
The M check point
spindle checkpoint
1) RNA is single stranded, has uracil in place of thymine, contains ribose sugar and not deoxyribose sugar 2) RNA is at least of 3 types: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA 3) mRNA is transcribed using RNA polymerase 4) tRNA and rRNA and not transcribed
1,2,3 is true
If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC, then the complementary sequence has the following sequence:
3' -TTACGATG-5'
A poly-A sequence is added at the:
3'- end of a transcript in the nucleus
How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?
36
How many chromosomes are in G2 phase of human muscle cell
46 pairs but connected at centromere
What are some differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA contains ribose and uracil.
Replication
DNA to DNA
transcription
DNA to mRNA
Central Dogma
DNA to mRNA to Proteins
What is the flow of information for the synthesis of proteins according to the central dogma?
DNA to mRNA to protein
The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify isoleucine. What feature of the genetic code explains this?
Degeneracy
There are multiple nuclei in the eukaryotic cell each separated by its own membrane
False
If a doctor injected a patient with what was labeled as an isotonic saline solution, but then the patient died, and an autopsy revealed that several of the patient's red blood cells had burst, would it be true that the injected solution was really isotonic? Why or why not?
False, the solution was hypotonic
At which of the cell cycle checkpoints do external forces have the greatest influence?
G1
There are called the garbage disposal units or suicide bags of cells
Lysozomes
What part of meiosis is most similar to mitosis
Meiosis II
Exocytosis is of 2 types Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis, while Endocytosis is only of one type.
No
Crossover occurs in
Prophase 1
Which is the longest phase in cell cycle?
S
Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode?
Semi-conservative
Active transport across the membrane means the process needs ATP for transporting molecules across the membrane.
True
Choline, ethanol amine, serine and inositol are four organic molecules that are attached to phosphate group in the phospholipids and only serine is negatively charged, others are neutral
True
Lipid bilayer means an arrangement where to layers of lipid molecules are arranged in such a way that polar heads make the outer boundary and hydrophobic tails are arranged on inner side.
True
Passive transport across the membrane could be grouped into two categories, diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Both occur without requirement of ATP.
True
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is called so because it has ribosome attached to it.
True
The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane describes the plasma membrane as a combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins which can move with respect to each other
True
Uncontrolled Mitosis leads to human diseases like
Tumors and Malignant tumors
A diploid cell has how many times the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell?
Twice
Water moves via osmosis across plasma cell membranes in which direction?
from an area of with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration
What portion of a DNA contains Okazaki fragments?
lagging strand
G2 check point checks for
mainly DNA duplication
Which organelles would be present in high numbers in the leg muscles of a marathon runner?
mitochondria
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
Cytokinesis differs between plants and animals
plant cells develop a cell plate
What process transfers heritable material to the next generation?
replication
The sequence that signals the end of transcription is called the:
stop codon
What are introns?
untranslated DNA sequences in a gene
Over the last two decades RNA has been found to be of further types: miRNA (micro RNA) and siRNA (small interfering RNA. miRNA are usually 20 nucleotide long and have biological functions. siRNA are again small RNA moleucles but they interfere with metabolic processes. Do you think in coming years these RNA will prove to be biologically more involved than we know now.
yes