Biology for your Life - Pre-work: Energy Drink Module 1

Which of the following describes the First Law of Thermodynamics? States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted between forms States that energy can be both created and destroyed Describes how entropy increases in systems over time Describes how energy cannot be converted from one form to another

States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted between forms

Which of the following best describes potential energy? Stored energy or energy that has the ability to do work because of its position The energy of motion Energy from the sun The energy of sound waves

Stored energy or energy that has the ability to do work because of its position

Mechanical energy, or the energy of motion, has two forms. Drag each of these forms to its definition. Not all choices will be used. Stored energy, either from work done or by virtue of position <---> Stored energy, either from work done or by virtue of position <---> potential energy chemical energy kinetic energy solar energy

Stored energy, either from work done or by virtue of position <---> potential energy Stored energy, either from work done or by virtue of position <---> kinetic energy

Which of the following best describes energy? The ability to move objects or materials from one place to another The ability to store power in chemical structures The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere The capacity to produce heat

The capacity or power to do work, or to transfer power elsewhere

Which of the following best describes kinetic energy? Energy that is based on an object's position Energy from the sun Energy stored within the bonds between the atoms of a molecule The energy of motion

The energy of motion

All living things need energy for life processes. Match the following forms of energy with the description that fits each best. The source of energy for almost all life; comes from the sun Energy found in the bonds between atoms of a molecule The energy of movement Mechanical energy Solar energy Chemical energy

The source of energy for almost all life; comes from the sun ---- Solar energy Energy found in the bonds between atoms of a molecule ---- Chemical energy The energy of movement ---- Mechanical energy

Where do nutrients store their energy?

Within the chemical bonds of their molecule structure

The molecule that is responsible for all of the energy-requiring processes of a cell is called ____

ATP

The molecule that serves as the energy currency of cells is abbreviated as ____

ATP

What is the structure of ATP?

ATP molecules are composed of a ribose sugar, a nitrogen-containing adenine molecule, and three phosphate groups.

Select all of the following components of a molecule of ATP. Adenine Ribose sugar Three phosphate groups One of 20 different nitrogen-containing variable groups Two phosphate groups

Adenine Ribose sugar Three phosphate groups

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are composed of a hydrophilic phosphate head and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. Carbohydrate are composed of a glycerol group and three fatty acid tails. Carbohydrates are composed of repeating units of amino acids that are bonded together. Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharides, which are small ringed structures that have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Carbohydrates are composed of one or more monosaccharides, which are small ringed structures that have carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Select those forms of energy that are important for life. Chemical energy Mechanical energy Solar energy Geothermal energy Gravitational energy

Chemical energy Mechanical energy Solar energy

Select all of those molecules from the list that are examples of lipids. Cholesterol Glycogen Phospholipids DNA Oils

Cholesterol Phospholipids Oils

Which of the following types of reactions occurs when individual nucleotide monomers join together to form a strand of RNA, a large nucleic acid polymer? Dehydration synthesis reaction Hydrolytic reaction Combustion reaction Decomposition reaction

Dehydration synthesis reaction

Based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, select all of the following that apply to energy. Energy can be created. Energy can be transformed. Energy can be destroyed. Energy can be transferred.

Energy can be transformed. Energy can be transferred.

Select the two atoms that are found in all organic molecules. Hydrogen Carbon Nitrogen Sulfur Oxygen

Hydrogen Carbon

Which of the following types of reactions uses water to break apart polymers into their individual monomers? Hydrolytic reactions Redox reactions Combustion reactions Dehydration synthesis reactions

Hydrolytic reactions

Select all of the following that are examples of carbohydrates. Oils Phospholipids ATP Lactose Starch Glucose

Lactose Starch Glucose

Select all of the following molecules that are considered polymers Polysaccharides DNA Amino acids Proteins Monosaccharides Fatty acid chains

Polysaccharides DNA Proteins

Energy that is stored and has the possibility of doing work is called _____ energy.

Potential

Which of the following best describes the source of energy for nearly all life on Earth? Chemical energy, or the energy stored in chemical bonds Mechanical energy, or the energy of movement Geothermal energy, or energy from the Earth's geological processes Solar energy, or energy from the sun

Solar energy, or energy from the sun

Which of the following best describes a functional group? Large molecules composed of two or more repeating smaller units Molecules that are composed of hydrogen and carbon in a long chain or ring-like structure Large molecules comprised of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains Special combinations of atoms that attach to hydrocarbon chains and rings to form organic nutrients

Special combinations of atoms that attach to hydrocarbon chains and rings to form organic nutrients

Which of the following best describes a functional group? Molecules that are composed of hydrogen and carbon in a long chain or ring-like structure Large molecules comprised of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains Large molecules composed of two or more repeating smaller units Special combinations of atoms that attach to hydrocarbon chains and rings to form organic nutrients

Special combinations of atoms that attach to hydrocarbon chains and rings to form organic nutrients

Proteins are organic nutrient molecules that are composed of individual units called ____

amino acids

Organic nutrient molecules that provide an energy source to cells, as well as provide structural support, are called ____

carbohydrates

Organic energy nutrients that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio are called

carbohydrates, carbohydrate, carbs, or carb

The energy contained within the glucose bonds found in some food molecules is called ______ energy

chemical

The process of photosynthesis converts solar energy into ______ energy, which is the energy form that is usable by organisms for life processes.

chemical

The ability to do work or bring about change is called ____

energy

Nutrients store energy in the nuclei of their atoms. true or false

false

Special combinations of atoms that are found attached to hydrocarbon chains or rings are called

functional groups

The mechanical energy of movement is called ____ energy

kinetic or kenetic

Statements that use information obtained from theories to describe how natural events occur are called ______

laws, law, scientific laws, scientific law, principle, or principles

Triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids are all examples of ____ , a class of organic energy nutrients.

lipids or lipid

The energy that is possessed by an object because of its motion or its position is called ____ energy

mechanical

Glucose is an example of a type of molecule called a ___ because it bonds together to form long chains of starch.

monomer

Small molecular subunits called ____ form chemical bonds to make larger polymers.

monomers

Molecules that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and provide energy for life processes are called ______ nutrients

organic

Chemical bonds join small monomers to create larger molecules called ______

polymers or polymer

Large molecules, like polysaccharides and proteins, which are composed of two or more repeating smaller units, are called ______

polymers or polymer

which of these biomolecules are made up of the smaller molecules they are composed of polysaccharides, like starch proteins DNA fats monosaccharides, like glucose fatty acid chains and glycerol amino acids nucleotides

polysaccharides, like starch <----> monosaccharides, like glucose proteins <----> amino acids DNA <----> nucleotides fats <----> fatty acid chains and glycerol

Energy nutrients that function as enzymes in the digestive system and act as signaling molecules in the nervous system are called ____

proteins or protein

Lipids are organic nutrient molecules that provide a cell with structural support. contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production. store genetic information used to synthesize proteins.

provide energy storage, cell membrane function, and hormone production.

The process of photosynthesis converts ____ energy, which is the source of all energy on Earth, into chemical energy, which is usable by organisms for life processes.

solar

Accepted explanations for aspects of the natural world are called ____

theories or theory