Biology Honors - Fermentation

Fermentation involves which stages of cellular respiration? (1) glycolysis, (2) the Krebs cycle, (3) electron transport. a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 c. 2 and 3 d. all three stages

a. 1 only

In alcoholic fermentation a. carbon dioxide is released. b. NADH is recycled. c. lactic acid is produced. d. all of the above

a. carbon dioxide is released.

Which of the following organisms can perform alcoholic fermentation? (1) yeast, (2) humans, (3) bacteria. a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3

c. 1 and 3

In lactic acid fermentation a. carbon dioxide is released. b. NADH is recycled. c. lactic acid is produced. d. all of the above

c. lactic acid is produced.

Organisms that can make ATP without oxygen include some plants and ___________ and also many bacteria.

fungus

During lactic acid fermentation, NAD+ cycles back to allow ___________ to continue.

glycolysis

Fermentation involves _____________, but not the other two stages of cellular respiration.

glycolysis

stage of cellular respiration that occurs with or without oxygen

glycolysis

product of glycolysis

pyruvic acid

Define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

- Aerobic = cellular respiration with oxygen - Anaerobic = cellular respiration without oxygen

Compare and contrast lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. Include examples of organisms that use each type of fermentation. What causes the different types of fermentation in different organisms?

- Alcohol = Glucose + 2 ATP --> Alcohol + CO2 + 4 ATP in yeast - Lactic Acid = Glucose + 2 ATP --> Lactic Acid + 4 ATP in muscle cells - Each organism uses different enzymes --> different DNA

What process produces fuel for motor vehicles from living plant products? What is the waste product of this process?

- Alcohol Fermentation - Ethanol (alcohol) can be used as fuel - CO2 is the waste

What is fermentation?

- Anaerobic respiration - making ATP without oxygen

What other types of fermentation are there?

- Botox - Cheese - Tetanus - Vinegar

How does lactic acid make your muscles feel?

- Sore - Fatigue - Burn

Aerobic respiration produces much more _____ than anaerobic respiration.

ATP

energy in the cell

ATP

A way of making _______ without oxygen is called fermentation.

ATP / Energy

What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration? Of anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic - makes more ATP Anaerobic - doesn't need O2 or mitochondria

What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration? Of anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic makes way more ATP Anaerobic does not require O2 --> for some organisms O2 is poisonous

Most organisms use oxygen to make _____ from glucose.

CO2

Why is bread light and fluffy?

CO2 bubbles get trapped in the dough

Why is NAD+ so important in fermentation?

Can carry electrons Allows glycolysis to continue

True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces much more ATP than aerobic respiration.

False

True or False: Fermentation recycles NADP+.

False - NAD+ not NADP+

True or False: Anaerobic respiration is a very slow process.

False - it is fast

True or False: Fermentation is the process of making ATP in the presence of oxygen.

False - no oxygen

True or False: Alcoholic fermentation explains why your muscles are sore after intense exercise.

False- lactic acid fermentation

What process is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Glycolysis

Why do scientists think that glycolysis evolved before the other stages of cellular respiration?

It is done by all organisms Probably evolved in Earth's history with the first forms of life on Earth

Name two types of fermentation.

Lactic acid - muscle cells Alcohol - yeast

Why do your muscles get sore after intense activity?

Lactic acid from anaerobic respiration caused by oxygen debt

recycles during fermentation

NAD+

Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with the same molecule. What is that molecule and where did it come from?

Pyruvic acid - comes from the split of glucose

Tanya is on the high school track team and runs the 100-meter sprint. Marissa is on the cross-country team and runs 5-kilometer races. Explain which type of respiration the muscle cells in each runner's legs use.

Tanya - anaerobic muscles use up O2 faster than blood can get O2 to the muscles Marissa - aerobic Paces her running speed to allow her blood to carry enough O2 to muscles

True or False: Aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to Earth's atmosphere.

True

True or False: Alcoholic fermentation explains why bread dough rises.

True

True or False: Anaerobic respiration lets organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen.

True

True or False: Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.

True

True or False: Some organisms can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

True

True or False: Some organisms may not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen.

True

True or False: Some plants and fungi and many bacteria do not need oxygen.

True

_______ in bread dough use alcoholic fermentation and produce carbon dioxide gas.

Yeast

Complete this sentence: Most living things use ____________ to make ____________ from glucose. a. oxygen, ATP b. ATP, oxygen c. NADH, NAD+ d. oxygen, NAD+

a. oxygen, ATP

perform cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen

aerobic organisms

In _____________ fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide.

alcoholic

fermentation in which pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide

alcoholic fermentation

fermentation

an important way of making ATP without oxygen

respiration in the absence of oxygen

anaerobic respiration

After intense activity, your muscles feel sore because of a. the accumulation of NAD+. b. the accumulation of lactic acid. c. the accumulation of ATP. d. the accumulation of carbon dioxide.

b. the accumulation of lactic acid.

The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of _____________ gas, which is produced by alcoholic fermentation in yeast.

carbon dioxide

Which of the following is true about anaerobic respiration? a. It is a very fast process. b. It allows organisms to live in places where there is little or no oxygen. c. It evolved before aerobic respiration. d. All of the above are true.

d. All of the above are true.

Both alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation a. start with pyruvic acid. b. recycle NAD+ from NADH. c. allow glycolysis to continue. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

True or False: There are three types of fermentation: anaerobic, aerobic, and cellular.

false

True or False: Most living things use glucose to make ATP from oxygen.

false - Most living things use oxygen to make ATP from glucose.

In __________________ fermentation, pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid.

lactic acid

fermentation in which pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid

lactic acid fermentation

lactic acid

makes your muscles feel tired and sore after intense exercise

can use lactic acid fermentation for energy

muscle cells

Aerobic respiration evolved after ____________ was added to Earth's atmosphere.

oxygen

True or False: Bread rises because of alcoholic fermentation.

true

Without oxygen, organisms can just split glucose into ____ molecules of pyruvate.

two

can use alcoholic fermentation for energy

yeast