Biology II Chapter 35

What is the function of the sensory division of the peripheral nervous system?

Transmits impulses from sense organs to the nervous system

Homeostasis is the process by which organs keep internal conditions relatively constant even when _________ conditions do not remain constant

External

Photorecptors are located in the

Eyes

Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Circulatory system

Includes the kidneys, lungs, and urinary bladder

Excretory system

A(an) ______ is an uncontrollable dependence on a drug

Addiction

The process by which organisms keep internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in their external environments is called

Homeostasis

Chemoreceptors are located in the

Nose and taste buds

The place where chemicals pass signals from one neuron to the next is called a(an)

Synapse

How does alcohol affect the body?

Alcohol is a depressant, which slows the nervous system down.

Somatic or autonomic Digesting food

Autonomic

Somatic or autonomic Heart beating

Autonomic

How does cocaine affect the body?

Causes a sudden release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain.

The basic units of structure and function on living things

Cells

Short, branched extensions that carry impulses toward the nerve cell body are called

Dendrites

Stimulant or depressant Lowers blood pressure

Depressant

Stimulant or depressant Relaxes muscles

Depressant

Stimulant or depressant Relieves tension

Depressant

Stimulant or depressant or opiate Barbiturate

Depressant

Converts foods into simple molecules

Digestive system

Controls growth, development, and metabolism

Endocrine system

The four basic types of tissues are

Epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular

Pain receptors are located in the

Everywhere in the body, expect the brain

The process in which a stimulus produces a response that opposes the original stimulus is called

Feedback inhibition

A group of birth defects caused by the effects of alcohol on an unborn child is called

Fetal alcohol syndrome

The cochlea and semicircular canals can be found in

Inner ears

Serves as a barrier against infection and injury

Interugmentary septem !!!!!!

What part of your eye uses small muscles to change its shape so that you can focus on near or distant objects?

Lens

The brain and spinal cord is wrapped in three layers of tissue known as ________, between which and the nervous tissue is a space filled with _________

Meninges, Cerebrospinal fluid !!!!!

Together with the skeletal system, enables the body to move

Muscular

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

Nervoes sopta !!!!!!

A cell that carries messages through the nervous system is called a

Neuron

Stimulant or depressant or opiate Codeine

Opiate

Stimulant or depressant or opiate Morphine

Opiate

Group of tissues that work together to perform a single function

Organ

Group of organs that perform closely related functions

Organ system

What are opiates and how do they relate to endorphins?

Pain killers (poppy plant), mimics endorphins and gives the body high levels of endorphins.

What is the difference between a psychological and physical dependence on a drug?

Psychological is a mental craving, physical is when the body cannot function without the drugs

Light enters the eye through a small opening in the middle of the iris called the

Pupil

What type of response occurs in a person's somatic nervous system when he or she touches a pot of boiling water?

Reacts as a reflex that stimulates muscle to move away.

A quick, automatic response to a stimulus is a

Reflex

The sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, and effector involved in a reflex form a(an)

Reflex arc

What are the main functions of the central nervous system?

Relays messages, processes information, and analyzes information

Brings oxygen to the body and rids the body of carbon dioxide

Respiratory system

The difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron is called

Resting potential

The two types of photorecptors arranged in a layer in the retina are ______ and ______

Rods and cones

Neurons that react directly to stimuli from the environment are called

Sensory receptors

Includes bones, ligaments, cartilage, and tendons

Skeletal

Thermorecceptors are located in the

Skin, body core and hypothalamus

Mechanoreceptors are located in the

Skin, skeletal muscles, and inner ear

Somatic or autonomic Chewing food

Somatic

Somatic or autonomic Turning a page

Somatic

How are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems different?

Somatic regulates activities that are under conscious control. Autonomic regulates involuntary activities

Stimulant or depressant Increases breathing rate

Stimulant

Stimulant or depressant Increases heart rate

Stimulant

Stimulant or depressant Increases release of neurotransmitters

Stimulant

Stimulant or depressant or opiate Amphetamine

Stimulant

Stimulant or depressant or opiate Cocaine

Stimulant

Drugs known as ______ increase the action of the nervous system, whereas drugs known as _______ decrease the action of the nervous system

Stimulants, depressants

In the brain the thalamus receives messages from sense organs and then relays the messages to the proper region of the cerebrum. Create an analogy that illustrates the role of the thalamus.

Switch board operator

The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called the

Threshold

Group of similar cells that perform a single

Tissue