Biology Lab Exam 1 Study Guide 4

A blister is a collection of fluid that accumulates between two layers of the skin as they separate from each other. Which two layers of the skin are these?

The epidermi and the dermis

sensation of light touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

free nerve ending

an epithelial cell composing the majority of the dermis

keratinocyte

Although melanocytes are the cells that produce melanin, the cells that actually concentrate the melanin in the apical region of the cell to protect the cell nucleus are

keratinocytes

sensation of deep pressure and high-frequency vibration

lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

a cell located in the epidermis that produces melanin

melanocyte

the portion of the hair contained within the skin

root

oil-secreting glands that connect to the hair follicle

sebaceous gland

holocrine glands that empty into hair follicles

sebaceous glands

the portion of the hair that exits the skin surface

shaft

Susan accidentally tripped on the sidewalk and scraped her knee. The scrape was superficial and did not bleed. What is the deepest layer of her skin that could have been damaged without causing her to bleed?

stratum basale of the epidermis

sensation of fine, light touch and texture

tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

sensation of fine touch, textures, and shapes

tactile (Merkel) cell

What layer of the epidermis represents the transition from living to dead epithelial cells? Why do keratinocytes begin to die within this layer?

the stratum granulosum, the cells die because they accumulate keratin which is what makes skin cells strong

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles are located in the papillary layer of the dermis, whereas tactile (Meissner) corpuscles are located in the reticular layer of the dermis. (true/false)

False

Why is the pain worse after removal of the outer layer of the blister?

The Epidermis doesn't have nerves or blood vessels, but the dermis does, so when the epidermis (outer layer of a blister) is removed, the dermis is exposed to the outside world. The dermis is usually protected by the epidermis, so it is not used to being exposed fully to the world

The subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) of the skin is mainly composed of adipose connective tissue. (true/false)

True

Identify the structures of the epidermis that are responsible for the formation of fingerprints. (check all that apply) a. dermal papillae b. epidermal ridges c. keratinocytes d. melanocytes e. tactile corpuscles

a. dermal papillae b. epidermal ridges

Indicate which of the following are among the layers of the dermis. a. papillary layer b. reticular layer c. subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

a. papillary layer b. reticular layer

Number the following 5 layers of the epidermis of this skin, starting with 1 for the layer closest to the basal surface a. stratum basale b. stratum corneum c. stratum granulosum d. stratum lucidum e. stratum spinosum

1. stratum basale 2. stratum spinosum 3. stratum granulosum 4. stratum lucidum 5. stratum corneum

What areas of the body lack sebaceous glands?

The palms of the hands and the base of the feet have thick skin and do not have sebaceous glands, because they do not have hair follicles where these glands are found

Which of the following correctly identifies the product of sebaceous glands and the corresponding function of this product? a. sebum; lubrication b. sebum; temperature regulation c. thick, oily sweat; pheromone-like properties d. thin, watery sweat; temperature regulation e. thin, watery sweat; lubrication

a. sebum; lubrication

A hypodermic needle is used to give certain types of injections. a. Based on the name of the needle, what space is the tip of the needle usually directed into? b. What layers of the skin must the hypodermic needle pass through in order to get to this space, assuming that the shot was given in thin skin? (include all sublayers of the dermis and/or epidermis that may apply)

a. the hypodermis - the deepest layer of the skin b. the injection must pass through the epidermis which includes the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, and sometimes the stratum lucidum (depending on the part of the body). it must also pass through the dermis which includes the reticular layer and the papillary layer.

merocrine glands that empty into hair follicles

apocrine sweat glands

small muscles attached to the base of the hair follicle

arrector pilli

Sweat glands are composed of which type of tissue? a. connective tissue b. epithelial tissue c. muscle tissue d. nervous tissue

b. epithelial tissue

the swollen base of the hair

bulb

Identify the location(s) on the body where skin is glabrous and contains 5 layers in the epidermis. (check all that apply) a. back b. face c. palms of the hands d. scalp e. soles of the feet

c. palms of the hands e. soles of the feet

Which of the following are functions of the integument? a. mineral storage b. movement c. protection d. secretion e. structural support f. site of vitamin D synthesis for the body g. temperature regulation

c. protection d. secretion f. site of vitamin D synthesis for the body g. temperature regulation

What is the main protein that composes a hair? a. collagen b. elastin c. fibrin d. keratin

d. keratin

a fold of the epidermis that interdigitates with dermal papillae

dermal papilla

Identify the type of tissue that composes the epidermis of the skin. a. adipose connective tissue b. areolar connective tissue c. dense irregular connective tissue d. simple squamous epithelial tissue e. stratified squamous epithelial tissue

e. stratified squamous epithelial tissue

merocrine glands that open to the surface of the skin

eccrine sweat glands

a "nipplelike" extension of the dermis into the epidermis

epidermal ridge

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the dermis of the skin (true/false)

true