Biology Lecture Test 4

Which of the following statements about the symmetry of organisms is false?

Radial symmetry is common in segmented animals.

Which of the following traits is not found in lophotrochozoans?

Radial symmetry.

______ energy drives global air circulation patterns.

Solar

Suppose that scientists discover a planet very similar to Earth. What information will be important in determining the growing seasons of the different regions on this new planet?

Temperature and precipitation

The ancestor of the animal clade was likely a _____ similar to existing ______. Animals probably evolved from this ancestor by _____ of cells.

colonial protist; choanoflagellates; functional specialization

Southern beeches, Nothofagus, are found in South America, New Zealand, Australia, and on certain islands of the southern Pacific Ocean. The most likely explanation for this wide-spread distribution is

continental drift.

Marsupials differ from eutherians in that

gestation in marsupials is brief

The common ancestor of deuterostomes

had a pharynx with slits

Homo neanderthalensis

had a range that overlapped with that of Homo sapiens.

A member of the protostome group of animals

has a mouth derived from the blastopore.

Annelids

have a coelom

The modern sarcopterygians

have jointed fins.

All protostomes

have three distinct cell layers in the embryo.

Hemichordates differ from echinoderms in that

hemichordates have bodies composed of three parts.

Bilateral symmetry

is correlated with cephalization

The Bilateria group of animals

is monophyletic and bilaterally symmetrical.

Some biologist do not consider hagfishes vertebrates because they

lack vertebrae and have skeleton made of cartilage.

Tropical biome types are determined primarily by the _____ in that zone

length of the dry season

Cnidarians

may have a motile stage called a medusa

When an ecologist designs a model to test a hypothesis about fires in a tropical savanna, knowledge about that ecosystem's _____ is vital.

natural history

Sponges

reproduce both sexually and asexually

Phoronids

secrete tubes made of chitin.

Global oceanic circulation is driven by

wind patterns.

Place the following groups of eutherians in order of decreasing species richness. (1) Bats (2) Elephants (3) Primates (4) Rodents (5) Shrews and moles

4; 1; 5; 3; 2

Which of the following statements about bryozoans is false?

A colony grows by sexual reproduction

Wallace's line is based on what kind of barrier to disperal?

A deep-water channel

Which of the following is not a feature of the vertebrate body plan?

A) A ventral spinal cord

Which of the following traits is shared by the chondrichthyans and the ray-finned fishes?

A) Gills as the major site of gas exchange

Which of the following statements about biogeography is false?

A) North America and South America have always been connected by a land bridge.

An aquatic life zone in which fresh water and salt water mix is called a(n)

A) estuary.

A key difference between Old World and New World monkeys is that the latter

A) have a prehensile tail.

Doctors gave patients probiotic therapy by administering live bifidobacteria by mouth to increase populations of these beneficial bacteria in the patient's gut. This met with limited success due to what factor?

Acid in the patient's stomach killed the bacteria.

Which of the following does not contribute to evidence that animals share a common ancestor?

All animals are eukaryotes.

Which of the following statements about mollusks is false?

All mollusks have a shell.

Why does the leeward side of a mountain typically remain dry?

As air descends the slope, it warms and picks up moisture from the environment.

Which of the following chordate groups evolved before the appearance of cartilaginous fishes?

B) Ascidians, lancelets, and hagfishes

A restaurant appetizer of escargot (snails), clams on the half shell, and calamari (octopus) would contain which types of mollusks?

B) Bivalves, gastropods, and cephalopods

Which of the following statements about sponge structure or function is false?

B) Large species are found in areas of heavy wave action, where food is most abundant.

Wallace's line separates the _______ and _______ biogeographical regions.

B) Oriental; Australasian

Kangaroo rats of the deserts of the southwestern United States closely resemble jerboas, rodents that inhabit deserts in Asia and Africa. The two groups of rodents are not closely related, yet they both have small forelimbs, large hind limbs, and a long tail. These similarities are an example of

B) convergent evolution.

The amniotes evolved the ability to reproduce by laying eggs that have shells. The major advantage of shelled eggs is that

B) they do not have to be laid in a moist environment.

Which of the following statements about rotifers is true?

Bdelloid rotifers only reproduce asexually.

Which of the following statements about brachiopods is false?

Brachiopods are bivalve mollusks

Which of the following statements concerning oceans is false?

C) Oceans intensify Earth's terrestrial climates.

Which of the following statements about echinoderms is false?

C) They are protostomes.

The swim bladder of many fishes that evolved from a lunglike sac has the important function of

C) controlling buoyancy.

If Earth did not spin on its axis, the northeast trade winds would blow from the

C) north.

Which of the following is not a derived trait that is shared by all animals?

D) Bilateral symmetry

The transition from aquatic to terrestrial lifestyles required many adaptations in the vertebrate lineage. Which of the following is not one of those adaptations?

D) Development of feathers for insulation

Which of the following are not deuterostomes?

D) Ecdysozoans

Which of the following statements about a deuterostome is false?

D) It is diploblastic.

Which of the following is not a trait that identifies an animal as a mammal rather than an amphibian?

D) Kidneys

Which of the following does not include multiple communities?

D) Population

Which of the following statements about the body cavity of animals is true?

D) The acoelomates do not have an enclosed body cavity.

Which of the following is not a difference between the conditions on an acre of land in Colombia and those on acre of land in Michigan?

D) The total hours of daylight per year

Which of the following is not part of the evidence that birds are closely related to dinosaurs?

E) The ability to fly

Which of the following statements about aquatic biomes is false?

E) The limnetic zone of lakes and the pelagic zone of oceans are near-shore environments.

Which of the following terrestrial biomes is characterized by the highest average temperatures and the most precipitation?

E) Tropical rain forest

The region of the ocean that lies close enough to shore to be affected by wave action is the _______ zone.

E) intertidal

Which of the following characteristics is not unique to mammals?

Four-chambered heart

______ insects, a subgroup of the ______ insects, undergo ______ metamorphosis.

Hometabolous; neopteran; complete

Which of the following statements about the affect of human activities on ecological systems is true?

Human activities simplify natural ecosystems.

Which of the following statements about the notochord is false?

It is present in the adults of all chordates.

Which of the following statements about crustaceans is true?

Most have a body that is composed of three regions.

Which of the following traits is unique to deuterostome animals?

Mouth formation on the end of embryos opposite the blastopore

Which of the following structures is/are not derived trait of chordates?

Pharyngeal slits

Which the following features of amphibians is not thought to be a contributing factor in their disappearance and decline?

Predation

Which of the following statements about coelomate animals is false?

The body cavity of coelomates is filled with mesenchyme.

Which of the following statements relating to archosaurs is false?

The feathers of fossil dinosaurs are quite different from those of birds.

Which of the following statements about sponges is false?

Their tissues are organized into distinct organs.

Why can parasitic flukes of vertebrates devote most of their bodies to reproduction?

They acquire all of their nutrients from their host.

Which of the following statements about tube feet is false?

They are used for reproduction.

Which of the following statements about the chondrichthyans and ray-finned fishes is true?

They both have paired fins.

Which of the following statements about ctenophores is true?

They have a complete gut.

How do nematocysts help protect some cnidarians?

They inject toxins into prey.

Which of the following statements about segmentation in animals is false?

Typically, evolution of individual segments within an animal occurs in conjunction with other body segments.

Ecdysozoans

all have a cuticle

Of the modern echinoderms,

all have a water vascular system.

All oligochaetes

are hermaphrodites.

Nematodes

are one of the most abundant of all animal groups

Cephalochordates

are small marine organisms

Rain tends to be much more common in mountains than in the adjacent lowlands because

as air travels up the mountains, it cools. Cool air holds less moisture than warm air, and the excess moisture is dropped as rain.

The tundra biome is found

at high latitudes and in high mountains

You would not expect to find photosynthetic organisms in the _____ zone.

benthic

A(n) ______ is a terrestrial environment defined by the growth forms of its plants.

biome

An ecological system encompasses

both b and c

One annelid group, the pogonophorans,

can harbor bacteria that oxidize hydrogen sulfide