Biology Midterm

(Figure of amino acid) Which part of amino acid contributes to hydrophobic behavior

-methyl group

Which figure best illustrates enyzme mediated synthesis of new DNA at replication fork?

3 to 5 strand is straight and continuous (bottom), 5 to 3 strand (top) is lagging

average male (red)

9

Which of the following describes a metabolic consequence of a shortage of oxygen in muscle cells?

A buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue due to fermentation

Gelatin is a protein from collagen. Investigation of various enzymes ability to digest gelatin. Which would be the most appropriate control for this experiment?

A test tube containing a piece of exposed camera film submerged in water.

To explain the decrease in mass of done from plants, identify overall chemical reaction that is occurring in plant and connect to central process underlying

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6O2 +6H2O, connect: CO2 released by cellular respiration

Which of the following is most likely to create genetic variation in a population?

DNA polymerase errors during replication

Which of the following best describes the role of mitosis in the cell cycle?

Distributing replicated chromosomes to the daughter nuclei

Enzyme hexolemase catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose 6 phosphate, which is an important step in glycolysis. The reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP -> glucose. Either gluc. molecule or watr molecule can fit in the active site of hexoleinase.

Glucose has the right shape and charge to cause hexiolenase to undergo a structural change needed for catalysis, where as water does not

(Researcher scenario) Sample 1 denatured at a low temp and a researcher makes a claim that sample 2 composted of higher percentage of guanine and cytosine.

Guanine and cytosine pairs denature at a higher temperature because they have more hydrogen bonds

To explain the increase in mass of light-growth plates, identify one inorganic source of new plant mass + connect to the cellular process underlying the increase of mass

ID: CO2, connect: CO2 incorporated into carbohydrates by photosynthesis ID: H2O, connect: H2O incorporated into carbohydrate by photosynthesis

Water is constantly diffusing into cytosol of fresh water single celled organisms. Which of the following additional investigations can be used to determine cells that are in an isotonic solution?

Increasing solubility of environment a little at a time until the ATP usage reaches a minimum.

A model of the plasma membrane showing several biological molecules, including a transmembrane protein is shown in Fig 1. Which statement best explains why correct protein folding is critical in the transmembrane protein shown above?

Interactions of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids help to anchor the protein in the membrane.

Which of the following best justifies the use of tube 2 as a control treatment?

It was a positive control for measuring the effects if DCMV on the reaction.

DCPIP is a chemical dye. Students prepare 4 tubes with liquid buffer. Which of the following claims is best supported by the expressed results?

Light is required for the electron transport chain to transports electrons

Which of the following processed most likely occurs as a result of an animal call receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.

Based on the model, which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss of protein x function?

Membrane potential will be disrupted by increase of K+ concentration inside cell

Which represent the correct polypeptide chain that will result from mRNA shown?

Met-Val-Thy-Lys-Phe-Gly-His

Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic hypothesis?

Mitochondria have their own DNA and divide independently of cell.

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of DNA that makes it a useful hereditary material?

Nucleotide Bases in one strand can be only paired with specific bases in other strands

A researcher looking at a plant cell sees condensed sister kinetochores with attached microtubules and individual chromosomes at the equatorial plate of the cell. What process will happen next?

Paired chromatids will separate and new daughter chromosomes will move toward opposite poles of the cell.

Which best explains how expression of a eukaryotic gene encoding a protein will differ if the gene is expressed in a prokaryotic cell ?

Protein will be made but will not function, because prokaryote cannot remove introns

researcher are studying new viruses, Which sample contains a double-stranded RNA virus?

Sample 1

On average, more ATP can be produced from an NADH molecule than can be produced from a molecule of FADH2. Based on Figure 1, which of the following best explains the difference in ATP production between the 2 molecules?

The electrons of FADH2 are transferred through 3 complexes of the ETC whereas those of NADH are transferred through all four complexes.

Scientists test effects of rotenone, a broad-spectrum pesticide, on a cell culture. Cell culture A was used as a control, while Culture B was treated with rotenone. After a period of time, the scientist measured the concentration of metabolites in the mitochondria in both cultures.

Treated cells are not able to break down NADH because certain enzymes of the electrons chain are inhibited.

Sample of blood placed into test tube with same solution, A drop is placed onto the slide and RBCS were observed. Which of the following would have been seen?

View 2 (normal) because rate of water movement into RBCs equals rate of water movement out of cells

Formation of a peptide bond

a covalent bond is formed between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom along with formation of H2O

Which of the following is evidence that eukaryotes and prokaryotes share a common ancestor

all eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes

Describe how salinity affects amount of fluid ejection. Calculate water potential.

amount of fluid ejected decreases the increasing solute concentration; large change in ejection volume when permeia in fresh water to it in 250 millosomes with parmeleia; in the higher salinities amount of fluid ejected continues to decrease as salinity increases. Water potential is is -2, pressure potential and solute potential equal water potential

African violet flower greenhouse (blue/pink/white phenotype question)

an enzyme responsible for flower color does not fold correctly in cooler temperatures and the greenhouse is warmest in the center

Construct a graph of fluid output of a single selled eukaryote permeia adapted by different salinities

correct axis, scale, line graph

What evolutionary advantage does compartmentalization of core metabolic processes offer eukaryotes?

evolution of a nucleus in eukaryotes separates the processes of transcription and translation and they can be regulated separately.

yellow and green pea plants

genes for seed color and shape assort independently

Which best represents the DNA of 2 daughter cell production a bacterial cell with this mismatch replicated DNA and divides?

horizontal then vertical strands,A-T mutant, all vertical strands, G-C normal

Fluid output of a single selled eukaryote permeia adapted by different salinities. 1) Describes how phospholipids of plasma membrane regulate movement, Explain how osmosis affects animal cells in lower water potential

hydrophobic tails of phospholipid fatty acids block movement of large and polar molecules required protein channel to cross membrane; osmosis will cause an overall movement of water out of cell and that cell will shrink

all species genetic variation

mutation in the genome

figure of two nucleic acids

nucleic acid number 1 contains more adenine-thymine base pairs than nucleic acid number 2

Explain why translation can start before transcription in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes

prokaryotes do not have a nuclear envelope that separates the genome from ribosomes in the cytoplasm of the cell whereas eukaryotes do

segment of DNA figure

segment 1 would become denatured at a lower temperature than 2 because A-T base pairs have 2 hydrogen bonds where G-C have 3

Based on the model of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation in the figure, which best describes the effect of drug that blocks production of mitotic cyclin?

the cell will be prevented from entering mitosis and would stop dividing.

Graph shows how much is catalyzed after 5 minutes. Which explains how the rate of the reaction changed over time?

the rate decreases because the ratio of product to substrate increases

Figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together (Rough ER, Golgi, Vesicle)

to synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell

Which of the following experimental designs would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across an artificial membrane?

use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein

Which best describes the role of water in photosynthesis?

water molecules donate electrons to the ETC