Biology midterm
A protist measures 500 micrometers in diameter. What is the diameter of this organism in millimeters? A) 0.5 B) 5.0 C) 50 D) 500
A) 0.5
Which statement best describes a change that usually takes place in the human body when the heart rate increases as a result of exercise? A) More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells. B) Blood cells are excreted at a faster rate. C) The rate of digestion increases. D) No hormones are produced.
A) More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells.
Toxic chemicals called PCBs, produced as a result of manufacturing processes, were dumped into the Hudson River. What was most likely a result of this action on fish in the Hudson River? A) Some fish became unfit to eat. B) The fish populations increased. C) Thermal pollution of the river increased, decreasing the fish population. D) The carrying capacity for fish increased in the river.
A) Some fish became unfit to eat.
In an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of certain chemical elements such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen? A) They move into and out of living systems. B) They are never found in living systems. C) They move out of living systems and never return. D) They move into living systems and remain there.
A) They move into and out of living systems.
f frog eggs taken from a freshwater pond are placed in a saltwater aquarium, what will most likely happen? A) Water will leave the eggs. B) Salt will leave the eggs. C) Water will neither enter nor leave the eggs. D) The eggs will burst
A) Water will leave the eggs.
Cutting down a rain forest and planting agricultural crops, such as coffee plants, would most likely result in A) a decrease in biodiversity B) an increase in the amount of energy recycled C) a decrease in erosion D) an increase in the amount of photosynthesis
A) a decrease in biodiversity
The largest amount of DNA in a plant cell is contained in A) a nucleus B) a chromosome C) a protein molecule D) an enzyme molecule
A) a nucleus
A forest catches on fire leaving the whole thing burnt to the ground. Lichens and mosses begin to grow on the exposed earth. Hundreds of years go by and there is now a thriving forest. The lichens and mosses can be classified as A) a pioneer community B) abiotic factors C) a climax community D) a population
A) a pioneer community
Which structures are found in every living cell? A) a plasma membrane and cytoplasm B) chloroplasts and mitochondria C) a cell wall and nucleus D) centrioles and chromosomes
A) a plasma membrane and cytoplasm
The passage of the end products of digestion into the cells of an organism is an example of A) absorption B) digestion C) circulation D) regulation
A) absorption
The net flow of materials through the membrane of a cell against a concentration gradient is known as A) active transport B) passive transport C) circulation D) transpiration
A) active transport
Which group of organisms does not depend upon obtaining preformed organic molecules from the environment for nutrition? A) algae B) Protozoans C) animals D) fungi
A) algae
Which pair of organisms would most likely compete for the same ecological niche? A) bacteria and fungi B) deer and wolf C) tree and fungi D) deer and bacteria
A) bacteria and fungi
Which structures are used by a paramecium for maintaining water balance? A) contractile vacuoles B) food vacuoles C) pseudopodia D) cilia
A) contractile vacuoles
Which order of metabolic processes describes how nutrients are processed in the body? A) digestion absorption circulation B) absorption circulation digestion C) digestion circulation absorption D) absorption digestion circulation
A) digestion absorption circulation
6) Lipase, maltase, and protease are members of a group of catalysts known as A) enzymes B) hormones C) carbohydrates D) fats
A) enzymes
Specialized cells and organs are necessary in multicellular organisms because in these organisms A) fewer cells are in direct contact with the external environment B) all cells are in direct contact with the external environment C) a body type evolved that relied on fewer body cells D) a body type evolved that required larger sized cells
A) fewer cells are in direct contact with the external environment
Acer saccharum is the scientific name for the sugar maple tree. Acer is the name of the tree's A) genus B) phylum C) species D) kingdom
A) genus
Car exhaust has been blamed for increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. Some scientists believe this additional carbon dioxide in the air may cause A) global warming B) increased biodiversity C) habitat preservation D) ozone destruction
A) global warming
Which term describes the grasshopper in the following pattern of energy flow? sun-grass-grasshopper-bird-cat A) herbivore B) decomboser C) predator D) omnivore
A) herbivore
Species of animals that obtain food by consuming only autotrophic organisms are usually classified as A) herbivores B) decomposers C) scavengers D) omnivores
A) herbivores
Which process is indicated by the equation below? C12H22O11 + H20 ---Enzyme---> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 A) hydrolysis B) osmosis C) decomposition D) dehydration synthesis
A) hydrolysis
Plants, animals, and bacteria are all A) in different kingdoms. B) in the same kingdom C) have cell walls D) have chloroplasts
A) in different kingdoms.
Every single-celled organism is able to survive because it carries out A) metabolic activities B) autotrophic nutrition C) heterotrophic nutrition D) sexual reproduction
A) metabolic activities
Which is an example of a biotic factor that would limit the size of a deer herd? A) populations of predators B) severe summer drought C) lack of oxygen at high altitudes D) heavy winter snowfalls
A) populations of predators
In the Diffusion Through a Membrane lab, the model cell membranes allowed certain substances to pass through based on which characteristic of the diffusing substance? A) size B) shape C) color D) temperature
A) size
What structure is responsible for the excretion of most cellular waste? A) Vacuole B) Cell membrane C) Nucleus D) Mitochondria
B) Cell membrane
A student completed a series of experiments and found that a protein-digesting enzyme (intestinal protease) functions best when the pH is 8.0 and the temperature is 37°C. During an experiment, the student used some of the procedures listed below. Procedures (A) Adding more protease (B) Adding more protein (C) Decreasing the pH to 6.0 (D) Increasing the temperature to 45°C (E) Decreasing the amount of light Which procedure would have the least effect on the rate of protein digestion? A) A B) E C) C D) D
B) E
Which statement best describes cellular respiration? A) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. B) It converts energy in food into a more usable form. C) It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. D) It stores energy in food molecules.
B) It converts energy in food into a more usable form.
Which statement concerning the climax stage of an ecological succession is correct? A) It changes rapidly. B) It persists until the environment changes. C) It is the first community to inhabit an area. D) It consists entirely of plants
B) It persists until the environment changes.
Which statement describing the cells in a body system is correct? A) Each cell in the system is identical to the other cells in the system, and each cell works independently of the other cells. B) Some cells in the system may be different from the other cells in the system, but all cells are coordinated and work together. C) Each cell in the system is different from the other cells in the system, and each cell works independently of the other cells. D) All cells in the system are identical to each other and work together.
B) Some cells in the system may be different from the other cells in the system, but all cells are coordinated and work together.
Which would be the most likely effect of a drastic reduction in all the producer organisms in a meadow environment? A) The grasshoppers would multiply rapidly. B) The rabbit population would decrease. C) All of the snake populations would increase. D) All of the decomposers would die.
B) The rabbit population would decrease.
What would most likely happen if the ribosomes in a cell were not functioning? A) The cell would undergo uncontrolled mitotic cell division. B) The synthesis of enzymes would stop. C) The cell would produce antibodies. D) The rate of transport of glucose in the cytoplasm would increase.
B) The synthesis of enzymes would stop.
Bromthymol blue turns yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. This characteristic makes it possible for bromthymol blue to function as A) a measure of volume B) an indicator C) a catalyst D) an energy source
B) an indicator
In which kingdom is an organism classified if it lacks a membrane separating most of its genetic material from its cytoplasm? A) protist B) bacteria C) plant D) animal
B) bacteria
Which unstained cellular organelles can be seen with a compound light microscope that has a total magnification of 400×? A) cell membrane, ribosomes, vacuole B) cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast C) nucleolus, chloroplast, ribosomes D) mitochondria, nucleus, centrioles
B) cell wall, vacuole, chloroplast
Microscopic examination of an animal cell reveals the presence of a plasma membrane but no cell wall. Which additional structures would normally be present within this cell? A) starch grains B) centrioles C) chloroplasts D) large vacuoles
B) centrioles
Two different species with the same ecological niche are placed in the same habitat. These two species will most likely A) have different food requirements B) compete for the same environmental resources C) coexist successfully in the same habitat D) interbreed and produce hybrid offspring
B) compete for the same environmental resources
The process by which glucose is converted to starch is known as A) protein hydrolysis B) dehydration synthesis C) chemical digestion D) cellular respiration
B) dehydration synthesis
What process accomplishes the movement of materials and gases in and out of a cell? A) transpiration B) diffusion C) phagocytosis D) osmosis
B) diffusion
The shape of a protein molecule directly determines its A) movements through the cytoplasm B) functions inside and outside of cells C) roles in building water molecules D) circulation throughout the body
B) functions inside and outside of cells
A fungus is classified as a heterotroph instead of an autotroph is because it A) produces spores by the process of mitosis B) is unable to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic raw materials C) absorbs blue and red wavelengths of light needed for photosynthesis D) is unable to produce leaves and flowers
B) is unable to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic raw materials
The leaves of a plant are dotted with openings known as stomata. When open, stomata allow the plant to exchange gases and allow moisture to evaporate, helping to draw water from the roots up into the plant. These activities help the plant to A) produce light energy B) maintain homeostasis C) decompose organic matter D) synthesize mineral
B) maintain homeostasis
Which organelle is the site of cellular respiration? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) mitochondria C) ribosomes D) chloroplast function
B) mitochondria
Horses are herbivores and, as a result, can be classified as A) omnivores B) primary consumers C) secondary consumers D) decomposers
B) primary consumers
The portion of Earth in which all life exists is known as A) the climax stage B) the biosphere C) a population D) a biotic community
B) the biosphere
Some animal and plant species are in danger of becoming extinct because of A) an increase in human population controls B) the exploitation of these species for their products C) the rapid reproduction ofWhich is an example of a biological control of a pest species? D) an increase in available food supplies
B) the exploitation of these species for their products
What is the highest magnification that can be obtained with a microscope that has a 10× eyepiece with 10× and 43× objectives? A) 43× B) 100× C) 430× D) 4300×
C) 430×
Since salivary enzymes normally operate best at a pH close to neutral, the optimum pH range for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates in the human mouth would be A) 3-5 B) 4-6 C) 6-8 D) 8-10
C) 6-8
Which indicator should be used to help identify the building blocks of starch? A) Lugol's iodine B) pH paper C) Benedict's solution D) bromthymol blue
C) Benedict's solution
A student completed a series of experiments and found that a protein-digesting enzyme (intestinal protease) functions best when the pH is 8.0 and the temperature is 37°C. During an experiment, the student used some of the procedures listed below. Procedures (A) Adding more protease (B) Adding more protein (C) Decreasing the pH to 6.0 (D) Increasing the temperature to 45°C (E) Decreasing the amount of light Which two procedures would most likely cause a decrease in the rate of protein digestion? A) A and D B) B and C C) C and D D) A and E
C) C and D
Which formula represents an organic compound? A) Mg(OH)2 B) NaCl C) Cl2H22O11 D) NH3
C) Cl2H22O11
Which is an example of a biological control of a pest species? A) DDT chemical was used to destroy the red mite. B) Most of the predators of a deer population were destroyed by humans. C) Gypsy moth larvae (a tree defoliator) are destroyed by beetle predators which were cultured and released. D) Drugs are used in the control of certain pathogenic bacteria.
C) Gypsy moth larvae (a tree defoliator) are destroyed by beetle predators which were cultured and released.
Which event illustrates the interaction of an abiotic factor with a biotic factor in the environment? A) The lamprey eel survives by parasitizing trout. B) The temperature of water affects its oxygen level. C) The low light intensity of the forest affects the growth of pine trees. D) A gypsy moth caterpillar eats the leaves of an apple tree.
C) The low light intensity of the forest affects the growth of pine trees.
Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself? A) The Sun provides the needed energy. B) Energy is transferred from plants to animals. C) There are more consumers than producers. D) There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors.
C) There are more consumers than producers.
If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be A) an increase in the kinds of autotrophs B) a decrease in number of abiotic factors C) a decrease in stability among populations D) an increase in the rate of succession
C) a decrease in stability among populations
Which represents a community? A) all the Paramecium caudatum in a pond B) the abiotic factors in Lake Michigan C) all the interacting populations in a forest D) the concentration of minerals in soil
C) all the interacting populations in a forest
In which type of molecule is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen usually 2 to 1? A) lipid B) protein C) carbohydrate D) glycerol
C) carbohydrate
What two structures are in a plant cell but not in an animal cell? A) vacuoles and chloroplasts B) cell wall and vacuoles C) cell wall and chloroplasts D) vacuoles and cell membrane
C) cell wall and chlorplasts
For life to continue to exist, the chemical elements of the Earth must be A) converted to radiant energy B) synthesized into fossil fuels C) cycled among organisms and the environment D) converted to nonrenewable natural resources
C) cycled among organisms and the environment
Most of the minerals within an ecosystem are recycled and returned to the environment by the direct activities of organisms known as A) producers B) secondary consumers C) decomposers D) primary consumers
C) decomposers
Which human activity is most responsible for the other three human activities? A) increasing demand for food B) increasing loss of farmland C) increasing human population D) increasing air pollution
C) increasing human population
Many scientists consider viruses nonliving. Evidence supporting this consideration includes the fact that viruses A) always function independently of living organisms B) are multinucleated cells C) lack basic cellular organelles D) cannot be reproduced in a sterile culture medium
C) lack basic cellular organelles
In ecology, a population is defined as all the A) members of a single species in the biosphere B) members of a given genus inhabiting a given area C) members of a single species inhabiting a given area D) abiotic and biotic factors in a given location Response
C) members of a single species inhabiting a given area
Hereditary information is stored inside the A) ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes B) ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes C) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes D) nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes
C) nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes
Which sequence represents the correct order of levels of organization found in a complex organism? A) cells → organelles → organs → organ systems → tissues B) tissues → organs → organ systems → organelles → cells C) organelles → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems D) organs → organ systems → cells → tissues → organelles
C) organelles → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems
In the nutritional relationship between heartworms and a dog, the heartworms benefit at the expense of the dog. This relationship is known as A) commensalism B) mutualism C) parasitism D) saprophytism
C) parasitism
The first organism in most natural food chains is A) an herbivore B) a decomposer C) photosynthetic D) carnivorous
C) photosynthetic
Which term describes the bird and the cat in the following pattern of energy flow? sun → grass → grasshopper → bird → cat A) herbivores B) saprophytes C) predators D) omnivores
C) predators
Which life activity is not required for the survival of an individual organism A) nutrition B) respiration C) reproduction D) synthesis
C) reproduction
A student observed several cell layers positioned on top of one another in the high-power field of view of a compound light microscope. To observe the details of only one of these cell layers, the student should A) move the slide from left to right B) adjust the diaphragm to a smaller opening C) rotate the fine adjustment D) turn the ocular
C) rotate the fine adjustment
A red onion cell has gone under a change. The red area within the red onions cell wall has become smaller leaving a white/clear area surrounding the red area. This change is most likely due to the cell being placed in A) distilled water B) light C) salt water D) darkness
C) salt water
The absorption and distribution of materials within an organism is a life function known as A) synthesis B) reproduction C) transport D) locomotion
C) transport
Which substance is an inorganic compound that is necessary for most of the chemical reactions to take place in living cells? A) glucose B) starch C) water D) amino acid
C) water
Which is used to detect the presence of glucose in a substance? A) Lugol's iodine solution B) bromthymol blue C) methylene blue D) Benedict's solution
D) Benedict's solution
Which statement best describes a controlled experiment? A) It eliminates the need for dependent variables. B) It shows the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable. C) It avoids the use of variables. D) It tests the effect of a single independent variable.
D) It tests the effect of a single independent variable.
Which substance reacts with the starch grains in a potato cell and makes them more distinct in appearance? A) Benedict's solution B) salt solution C) distilled water D) Lugol's iodine
D) Lugol's iodine
The lower part of the Hudson River contains large amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) and heavy metals. Which statement best explains their presence in the river? A) They are introduced by environmentalists to kill sewage bacteria. B) They are the decomposition products of river organisms. C) They were accidentally spilled into the river by fishermen. D) They were discharged into the river as manufacturing byproducts.
D) They were discharged into the river as manufacturing byproducts.
Where does a chemical bond form when a dipeptide is synthesized? A) an oxygen atom of a glucose molecule and a carbon atom of a lipid molecule B) a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom C) a variable side group and a nitrogen atom D) a nitrogen atom in an amino group and a carbon atom in a carboxyl group
D) a nitrogen atom in an amino group and a carbon atom in a carboxyl group
Which level of biological organization includes the greatest total number of species? A) community B) ecosystem C) population D) biosphere
D) biosphere
Respiration is best described as a process by which A) necessary nutrients are circulated B) hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose C) metabolic wastes are absorbed D) chemical energy is converted into a usable form
D) chemical energy is converted into a usable form
Which process is indicated by the equation below? C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ---Enzyme---> C12H22O11 + H20 A) hydrolysis B) osmosis C) decomposition D) dehydration synthesis
D) dehydration synthesis
The distortion (change in shape) of enzyme molecules which occurs at high temperatures is known as A) synthesis B) specificity C) replication D) denaturation
D) denaturation
Which term includes the other three terms? A) population B) species C) community D) ecosystem
D) ecosystem
The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function known as A) regulation B) nutrition C) respiration D) excretion
D) excretion
In the binomial system of nomenclature, which two classification groups provide the scientific name of an organism? A) kingdom and phylum B) phylum and species C) kingdom and genus D) genus and species
D) genus and species
An energy-rich organic compound needed by organisms is A) water B) salt C) oxygen D) glucose
D) glucose
Which elements are present in all organic compounds? A) hydrogen and oxygen B) nitrogen and oxygen C) nitrogen and carbon D) hydrogen and carbon
D) hydrogen and carbon
Most cellular respiration in plants takes place in organelles known as A) chloroplasts B) stomates C) ribosomes D) mitochondria
D) mitochondria
The swordfish contains a heat generating organ that warms its brain and eyes up to 14°C above the surrounding ocean water temperature. Which structures are most likely to be found at relatively high concentrations within the cells of this heat generating organ? A) nuclei B) chloroplasts C) chromosomes D) mitochondria
D) mitochondria
Methylene blue is used in microscope studies to help in the observation of A) chloroplasts of onion cells B) iron in hemoglobin C) photosynthesis in elodea D) nuclei in animal cells
D) nuclei in animal cells
Which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition? A) transport B) regulation C) fermentation D) photosynthesis
D) photoynthesis
Which cell organelle is most directly involved with the bonding of amino acids? A) mitochondrion B) endoplasmic reticulum C) cell wall D) ribosome
D) ribosome
A pyramid of energy can be used to illustrate the loss of usable energy at each feeding level in a food web. In which feeding level would the smallest amount of energy be found? A) autotrophs B) producers C) primary consumers D) secondary consumers
D) secondary consumers
Contractile vacuoles maintain water balance by pumping excess water out of some single-celled pond organisms. In humans, the kidney is chiefly involved in maintaining water balance. What do these facts best illustrate? A) tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis in all living things B) interference with nerve signals disrupts cellular communication and homeostasis within organisms C) a disruption in a body system may disrupt the homeostasis of a single-celled organism D) structures found in single-celled organisms can act in a manner similar to tissues and organs in multicellular organisms
D) structures found in single-celled organisms can act in a manner similar to tissues and organs in multicellular organisms