Biology Quiz Chapter 10

C

In transcription, one DNA strand is transcribed into a(n) _______ RNA strand, which is translated into protein. A. ribosomal B. transfer C. messenger D. anticodon E. thymine rich

D

In transcription, the promoter is A. an enzyme that binds DNA. B. a series of proteins that collectively bind to DNA. C. a recognition sequence in RNA that attracts ribosomes. D. A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase binds. E. a type of mutation.

A

Ribose is an important component of RNA because A. it is less stable than deoxyribose, which enables RNA to function as a short-term carrier of genetic information. B. it is more stable than deoxyribose, which enables RNA to function as a short-term carrier of genetic information. C. it is less stable than deoxyribose, which enables RNA to function as a long-term carrier of genetic information. D. it is more stable than deoxyribose, which enables RNA to function as a long-term carrier of genetic information. E. it is as stable as deoxyribose, which makes RNA and DNA functionally equivalent.

D

Ribosomal RNAs A. are translated from DNA. B. are synthesized by ribosomes. C. connect codons to amino acids. D. complex with proteins to form ribosomes. E. are made from amino acid subunits.

C

Ribosomes begin translation of an mRNA transcript at the first A. methionine. B. anticodon. C. AUG. D. promoter. E. tRNA.

C

The DNA template ATGCGTTA is transcribed into an RNA strand with the sequence A. TACGCAAT. B. UAACGCAU. C. UACGCAAU. D. AUGCGAAU. E. AUGCGUUA.

D

A mutation that adds one or two bases to a gene disrupts the A. replicating frame. B. intron index. C. genetic code. D. reading frame. E. mutational profile.

C

A three base pair nucleotide sequence on mRNA is called a(n) A. condom. B. proton. C. codon. D. nodoc. E. amino acid.

D

A(n) _______ carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome, where the amino acid bonds to another. A. mtDNA B. rRNA C. mRNA D. tRNA E. siRNA

A

Which of the following descriptions of genetic information flow best illustrates the central dogma of biology? A. DNA to RNA to protein B. RNA to DNA to protein C. protein to DNA to protein D. protein to RNA to DNA E. DNA to protein to carbohydrate

C

Place the types of RNA molecules in correct size order, from smallest to largest. A. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA B. aRNA, bRNA, cRNA C. tRNA, rRNA, mRNA D. tDNA, rDNA, mDNA E. proline, glycine, tyrosine

B

A benefit of alternate splicing of introns out of mRNAs is that A. it maximizes the number of introns. B. it increases the number of proteins that the genome encodes. C. it lowers the risk of inherited disease. D. it lowers the risk of infection. E. it speeds transcription.

D

A codon consists of 3 consecutive A. DNA bases. B. amino acids. C. tRNA bases D. mRNA bases. E. rRNA bases

B

A mutation that changes one particular amino acid into another can affect the functioning of other amino acids farther away in the primary sequence due to A. the presence of prions. B. protein folding. C. the fact that the mutation functions only part of the time. D. jumping genes. E. the tendency for further mutations to occur.

C

A prion is a(n) A. very small virus. B. a virus built only of protein. C. a glycoprotein that has multiple conformations and may be infectious. D. a subatomic particle, along with a neutron and an electron. E. infectious agent that causes AIDS.

D

A retrovirus produces an enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, which copies its RNA genome into DNA. This is opposite the central dogma because A. a virus is not an organism. B. a virus lacks genetic material. C. a retrovirus lacks DNA. D. the central dogma states that DNA is copied into RNA. E. of the viral mutation rate.

C

A ribozyme is A. an RNA-protein complex that cleaves DNA. B. an enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of ribosomes. C. a small RNA that can catalyze a specific chemical reaction. D. a stretch of uracils in RNA that directs splicing. E. a short DNA molecule that acts as scissors on longer sequences of DNA.

C

A sequence of DNA could have ____ possible reading frame(s). A. one B. two C. three D. four E. an infinite number of

C

A signal sequence A. directs RNA nucleotides to a particular gene. B. attracts tRNAs to an mRNA. C. is the first part of a protein's amino acid sequence that helps to direct it to a certain part of the cell. D. is a coding codon that mutates into a stop codon. E. is part of proteins that are synthesized on free ribosomes.

B

About ___ percent of the human genome is the exome. A. 0.5 B. 1.5 C. 5.0 D. 10 E. 100

C

After transcription and before translation, eukaryotic mRNA is modified by adding A. tRNAs and amino acids. B. amino acids and a poly-A tail. C. a cap of modified nucleotides and a poly-A tail. D. ribosomes and tRNAs. E. an AUG at one end and a poly-U tail at the other.

B

An mRNA molecule is also called a(n) A. intron. B. transcript. C. gene. D. proscript. E. linguist.

A

B is an intron between two exons, A and C. Which representation best describes how this region of mRNA will appear after it is transcribed and processed by a spliceosome? A. A-C B. A-B C. B-C D. A-B-C E. B only

C

Cells replicate DNA A. during the M phase of the cell cycle. B. all the time. C. during the S phase of the cell cycle. D. only when a person is stressed. E. more frequently the older a person gets.

C

DNA replication is necessary so that A. transcription can proceed. B. translation can proceed. C. genetic information is not lost as the information in DNA sequences is accessed. D. the cell does not die when it divides. E. the cell can grow.

C

Diseases that are caused by protein misfolding include A. tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS. B. river blindness, leprosy, and African sleeping sickness. C. cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, and sickle cell disease. D. acne, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia. E. cancer, pulmonary embolism, and hypertension.

D

During transcription A. protein is synthesized from DNA. B. DNA is replicated. C. RNA is synthesized from protein. D. RNA is synthesized from DNA. E. protein is synthesized from amino acids.

B

If part of a DNA template is the sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT, then the DNA coding strand has the sequence A. GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT. B. CAATCAGACACCCGA. C. CAAUCAGACACCCGA. D. gln-ser-asp-thr-arg. E. val-ser-leu-trp-ala.

C

If part of a DNA template is the sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT, then the mRNA transcribed from it is A. GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT. B. CAATCAGACACCCGA. C. CAAUCAGACACCCGA. D. gln-ser-asp-thr-arg. E. val-ser-leu-trp-ala.

E

If the percentage of guanine in an mRNA is 25%, the percentage of cytosine A. is 20%. B. is 30%. C. is 60%. D. is 40%. E. cannot be determined.

D

In a bacterial cell, the three genes of the lactose operon are A. expressed continuously. B. expressed only when lactose is absent. C. expressed when lactose synthesis is required. D. expressed only in the presence of lactose. E. never expressed, because they are pseudogenes.

D

Part of a DNA template of sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT corresponds to the amino acid sequence A. GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT. B. CAATCAGACACCCGA. C. CAAUCAGACACCCGA. D. gln-ser-asp-thr-arg. E. val-ser-leu-trp-ala.

E

Parts of an mRNA molecule that are removed before protein synthesis are called A. interims. B. exons. C. exomes. D. promoters. E. introns.

A

RNA differs from DNA in that A. most of it is single-stranded. B. it is usually double-stranded. C. it has thymine instead of uracil. D. it has deoxyribose instead of ribose. E. it encodes information but has no other functions.

B

The genetic code is A. triplet, overlapping, and not universal. B. triplet, non-overlapping, and universal. C. quarternary, overlapping, and non-universal. D. doublet, non-overlapping, and with an inconsistent reading frame. E. singular, non-overlapping, and universal.

C

The enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA from a DNA template is A. DNA polymerase. B. Rnase. C. RNA polymerase. D. reverse transcriptase. E. ligase.

D

There are __ different sequences of codons possible in the genetic code. A. 3 B. 4 C. 16 D. 64 E. 46

C

The genetic code was deciphered A. in the year 2000, following several years of the human genome project. B. in the 1980s, as many Mendelian diseases had their genes identified. C. in the 1960s. D. in the 1950s. E. within the past year, and hasn't been finished yet.

D

The human genome encodes about ___ transcription factors. A. 12 B. 112 C. 875 D. 2,000 E. 3.2 billion

A

The idea that a DNA sequence is a code for an amino acid sequence was first stated in A. the paper revealing the genetic code, published in 1963. B. the paper revealing DNA's structure, published in 1953. C. the papers revealing the human genome sequence, published in 1953. D. the papers revealing the human genome sequence, published in 2001. E. the publication of the first map of single nucleotide polymorphisms.

C

The large ribosomal subunit joins the initiation complex during _______ of translation. A. association B. initiation C. elongation D. termination E. transference

A

The linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide is the _______ structure of a protein. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary E. chaperone

C

The nitrogenous base that is in RNA but not in DNA is A. thymine. B. thiamine. C. uracil. D. urea. E. adenine.

E

The portion of the human genome that encodes protein is termed the A. intron B. exon C. template D. proteasome E. exome

C

The scientists who identified a set of coordinately regulated genes, called an operon, responsible for lactose metabolism in E. coli were A. Watson and Crick. B. Meselson and Stahl. C. Jacob and Monod. D. Hershey and Chase. E. Linus and Pauling.

D

The sequences UUUUUUUUU ¼, AAAAAAAAA¼, and CCCCCCCCC¼, were the first to be analyzed to crack the genetic code because A. they were the simplest to synthesize. B. they would encode all types of amino acids. C. they would encode only one type of nucleotide. D. they would encode only one type of amino acid. E. they could be mixed up to encode all amino acids.

C

To express a gene, DNA is first transcribed into a corresponding strand of A. mtDNA. B. rRNA. C. mRNA. D. tRNA. E. siRNA.

A

Transcription and replication are alike in that both A. are guided by complementary base pairing. B. are regulated by homeobox genes. C. require DNA polymerase. D. require a promoter and RNA polymerase. E. are created from an ordered sequence of amino acids.

C

Transcription factors function in the expression of genes by A. initiating transcription. B. associating to initiate translation. C. turning transcription of specific genes on or off. D. halting the activity of RNA polymerase at the end of transcription. E. bringing amino acids into the ribosome.

A

Which choice is the correct sequence from smallest to largest? A. amino acid, peptide, polypeptide, protein B. protein, polypeptide, peptide, amino acid C. genome, chromosome, gene, DNA D. amino acid, DNA, peptide, gene E. peptide, polypeptide, amino acid, protein

A

Which codon halts ribosomes? A. UAG B. AUG C. UUU D. ATG E. methionine (met)

B

Which codons are synonymous? A. CAC and CAG B. CAC and CAU C. ACA and AGC D. UCC and GAC E. CCC and AAA

C

Which of these is not found in RNA? A. nitrogen B. phosphate C. deoxyribose D. purines E. ribose

C

___ tRNAs are required to translate the DNA template sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT into amino acids. A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Twenty E. Sixty-four

E

_______ "tag" misfolded proteins so that they can be refolded or sent to proteasomes. A. Chaperones B. Folding catalysts C. Signal sequences D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin molecules

C

_______ bonds form between amino acids during elongation. A. Phosphodiester B. Disulfide C. Peptide D. Hydrogen E. Glycine

B

_______ consist of proteins and RNAs that associate, providing both a physical support and enzyme activity for protein synthesis. A. Nucleosomes B. Ribosomes C. Acrosomes D. Nuclei E. Histones

A

_______ proteins stabilize partially folded parts of proteins in their correct form. A. Chaperone B. Origami C. Signal sequences D. Proteosomes E. Ubiquitin