Biology Special assignment

in an operon, a sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds prior to transcription

Promoter

Have a double ring, include adenine(A) and guanine (G)

Purine

Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand in the diagram was made? a. CUCAAGUGCUUC b. GAGUUCACGAAG c. GAGTTCACGAAG d. AGACCTGTAGGA

c. GAGTTCACGAAG

RNA differs from DNA in that RNA a. is sometimes single-stranded. b. contains a different sugar molecule. c. contains the nitrogen base uracil. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of a. amino acids. b. fatty acids. c. monosaccharides. d. nucleotides.

d. nucleotides.

Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerase a. attaches to a ribosome. b. binds to a strand of DNA. c. binds to a strand of RNA. d. attaches to a promoter molecule.

b. binds to a strand of DNA.

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a a. mutagen. b. codon. c. anticodon. d. exon.

b. codon.

thymine and cytosine bases which have a single ring.

pyrimidine

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon

Anticodon

X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that A. DNA and RNA are the same molecules B. DNA is composed of either purines or pyrimidines,but not both C. DNA molecules are arranged as tightly coiled helix D. DNA and proteins have the same basic structure

C. DNA molecules are arranged as tightly coiled helix

Hydrogen bonding between particular pyrimidines and purines. Adenine & Thymine. Cytosine & Guanine.

Complementary base pairing

Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA in the diagram are a. GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG. b. GAG—TTC—ACG—AAG. c. CUC—GAA—CGU—CUU. d. CUU—CGU—GAA—CUC.

a. GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG.

Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n) a. RNA molecule. b. DNA molecule. c. uracil molecule. d. transposon.

a. RNA molecule.

Each of the following is a type of RNA except a. carrier RNA. b. messenger RNA. c. ribosomal RNA. d. transfer RNA.

a. carrier RNA.

Transfer RNA acts as an "interpreter" because it a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon. b. synthesizes amino acids as they are needed. c. produces codons to match the correct anticodons. d. converts DNA into mRNA.

a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.

The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA a. is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. b. is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA. c. prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA. d. is the responsibility of the complementary DNA mutagens.

a. is catalyzed by DNA polymerase.

Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins? a. mRNA b. rRNA c. tRNA d. All of the above

a. mRNA

codon : nucleotides :: a. ribosome : binding sites b. ribosome : DNA molecules c. RNA : bases d. DNA : bases

a. ribosome : binding sites

In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the a. ribosomes. b. lac operon. c. RNA polymerase. d. heterochromatin.

a. ribosomes.

All of the following are true about the structure of DNA except a. short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell. b. every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a base. c. DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds. d. the long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix.

a. short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell

RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and the base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base called a. uracil. b. alanine. c. cytosine. d. codon.

a. uracil

Suppose that you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the table below to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide sequence. mRNA.......................Amino acid UAU, UAC.....................tyrosine CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG....proline GAU, GAC.....................aspartic acid AUU, AUC, AUA.............isoleucine UGU, UGC.....................cysteine a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG b. ATGGGTCTATATACG c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA

b. ATGGGTCTATATACG

The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are a. replicases. b. DNA polymerases. c. helicases. d. nucleotidases.

b. DNA polymerases.

The base-pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA: a. adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine. b. adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine. c. adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine. d. uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine.

b. adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine.

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base Refer to the illustration above. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n) a. amino acid. b. nucleotide. c. polysaccharide. d. pyrimidine.

b. nucleotide.

The primary function of DNA is to a. make proteins. b. store and transmit genetic information. c. control chemical processes within cells. d. prevent mutations.

b. store and transmit genetic information.

The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the a. phosphate group. b. sugar. c. nitrogen base. d. None of the above; DNA is not named after part of the molecule.

b. sugar.

Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that a. DNA and RNA have the same structure. b. the DNA helix is held together by hydrogen bonds. c. guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine. d. thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine.

b. the DNA helix is held together by hydrogen bonds.

During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain when a. the ribosomal RNA anticodon binds to messenger RNA codon. b. the transfer RNA anticodon binds to the messenger RNA codon. c. a "stop" codon is encountered. d. the protein chain sends a signal through the nerve cells to the brain.

b. the transfer RNA anticodon binds to the messenger RNA codon.

A ribosome has a. one binding site for DNA. b. three binding sites used during translation. c. four binding sites for tRNA. d. no binding sites since the proteins must detach.

b. three binding sites used during translation.

ATTG : TAAC :: a. AAAT : TTTG b. TCGG : AGAT c. GTCC : CAGG d. CGAA : TGCG

c. GTCC : CAGG

mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA shown in the diagram? a. Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly b. Val—Asp—Pro—His c. Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe d. Pro—Glu—Leu—Va

c. Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe

During transcription a. proteins are synthesized. b. DNA is replicated. c. RNA is produced. d. translation occurs.

c. RNA is produced.

A nucleotide consists of a. a sugar, a protein, and adenine. b. a sugar, an amino acid, and starch. c.a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. d. a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.

c. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.

The function of rRNA is to a. synthesize DNA. b. synthesize mRNA. c. form ribosomes. d. transfer amino acids to ribosomes.

c. form ribosomes.

After the primary structure of a protein has been completed a. the codons and anticodons unite. b. an enzyme attaches adjacent amino acids to each other to form a chain. c. the protein folds into the secondary and tertiary structures. d. the tRNA molecules remain attached until the protein is secreted from the cell.

c. the protein folds into the secondary and tertiary structures.

Which of the following is not found in DNA? a. adenine b. cytosine c. uracil d. None of the above

c. uracil

three-base sequence in mRNA

codon

Chargaff's rules, or the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA a. the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine. b. the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. c. the amount of guanine equals the amount of thymine. d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of a. protein b. enzymes c. carbohydrates d. DNA

d. DNA

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be a. TTGCATG. b. AAGTATC. c. CCTAGCT. d. GGATCGA.

d. GGATCGA.

Which of the following is not true about DNA replication? a. It must occur before a cell can divide. b. Two complementary strands are duplicated. c. The double strand unwinds while it is being duplicated. d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are a. Avery and Chargaff. b. Hershey and Chase. c. Mendel and Griffith. d. Watson and Crick.

d. Watson and Crick.

Purines and pyrimidines are a. bases found in amino acids. b. able to replace phosphate groups from defective DNA. c. names of specific types of DNA molecules. d. bases found in nucleotides.

d. bases found in nucleotides.

During translation in eukaryotes, anticodons a. never bind to the mRNA codons. b. assist in the assembly of fats. c. consist of a five-nucleotide sequence at one end of the transfer RNA molecule. d. ensure that each amino acid is delivered to its proper "address" on the mRNA.

d. ensure that each amino acid is delivered to its proper "address" on the mRNA.

Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA? a. deoxyribose b. nitrogenous base c. phosphate d. ribose

d. ribose

What process is shown in the diagram below? a. proofreading b. protein synthesis c. replication d. transcription

d. transcription

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to a. cytosine. b. guanine. c. thymine. d. uracil.

d. uracil.

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine and uracil

nitrogen-containing base

(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

transcription

It binds to an amino acid and holds it in place on a ribosome until it is incorporated into a protein during translation; one end carries the amino acid and the opposite end is the anticodon which attaches to the messenger RNA.

transfer RNA

the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA

translation