Biology Study Guide Chapter 7
Which structures of the cytoskeleton are found in animal cells but not in plant cells?
Centrioles
Definition Cells that lack a nuclei. Size range 1-5 micrometers Examples Bacteria
Prokaryotic cells
How are contractile vacuoles different from other types of vacuoles?
They pump excess water out of the cell, which other types of vacuoles hold materials inside of cells.
True or False/ Chloroplasts are NEVER found in animal cells.
True
What are vacuoles?
Vacuoles are membrane- enclosed saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
A light microscope image is formed by
two lenses focusing light.
the invention of the _________ made the discovery of cells possible.
microscope
German botanist Matthias Schleiden concluded that _________ are made of cells.
plants
Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in cells.
The Golgi is like a post office, packages and ships proteins for export out of the cells.
Recall hat in science, a theory is a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observation and hypotheses and enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situation. How does the cell theory demonstrate this definition of theory?
The cell theory demonstrates the scientific definition of a theory in three ways. First it has been tested extensively. Second, it summarizes the research and observations of many different scientists who worked at different times. Third, it allows researchers who observes evidence of cellular structure in unknown objects to make predictions about the object such as it is a living thing and it can reproduce itself.
Which feature of the nucleus is not clearly shown by the visual analogy?
The chromatin is not shown.
In the visual analogy of a cell as a factory, what two functions of the nucleus are represented? How are these functions illustrated?
The nucleus act as the office, or control center, as illustrated by the people at the desk. The nucleus is the source of messages instructions and blue prints as illustrated by the two workers helping the chain of RNA leave the nucleus.
Describe the relationship between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of a cell.
The nucleus of a cell is found in the cytoplasm, but is not part of the cytoplasm. The nucleus and cytoplasm work together to keep a cell alive.
What is another possible analogy that could be compared with the structure and function of a cell?
The structure and function of a airport control tower could be compared to the structure and functions of a cell.
True or False/ The size of the image formed by a light microscope is UNLIMITED because light that passes through matter is diffracted.
False/limited
What is the role of lysosomes in the cell? Why is this a vital role?
Break down large molecules and waste. Without them wastes could accumulation in the cell, which has been linked to serious human diseases.
What other structures of the cytoskeleton would show the same pattern of microtubules as a flagellum?
Cilia
Which category of cells-prokaryotic or eukaryotic-is your body composed of?
Eukaryotic
Definition Cells that contain a nuclei. Size range 10-100 micrometers Examples Protist, fungi, plants, animals
Eukaryotic cells
True or False/ UNLIKE chloroplasts, mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane.
False/Like
True or False/ TRANSMISSION electron microscopes form a 3-D image of the surface of a specimen.
False/scanning
Suppose a cell's Golgi apparatus does not function properly. How might this problem affect other cells?
If cell is supposed to release proteins out of the cell, then the cells that were supposed to receive these proteins would not receive them. The loss of these proteins might cause the receiver cells to function improperly.
What does the term organelle mena literally?
Little organ
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Rough has ribosomes, smooth no ribosomes.
What are ribosomes? What do they do?
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm and attacked to some ER. They are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
In which organelle are the lipid components of the cell membrane assembled?
Smooth ER
To study cells with a light microscope, different types of stains are usually available. Why is it generally more useful to stain eukaryotic cells than prokaryotic cells?
Specific stains can reveal certain compounds or structures within a cell. Eukaryotic cells are more complex then prokaryotic cells and have more structures that can take in the stains.
What are the two roles of the central vacuole in plant cells?
Storage of materials and support of the cell.
True or False/ Fluorescent dyes help scientists see the moment of COMPOUNDS AND STRUCTURES in living cells.
True
German biologist Theodor Schwann concluded that _________ are made of cells.
animals
A scanning electron microscope image is formed by a
beam of electron scanned over a specimen's surface.
A transmission electron microscope image is formed by
beams of electrons passing through a thin sample.
The ______ _______ combines the conclusions made by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
cell theory
Robert Hooke used the name __________ to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw when he observed magnified cork.
cells
Rudolph Virchow concluded that new cells are produced from __________ ______.
existing cells